Upgrading Drupal

Hey Everyone! Up until today I had Drush and Composer installed in my Terminal (using Yosemite in OS X). In an attempt to upgrade my Drush 7 to Drush 8 I uninstalled Drush 7. I think I uninstalled Composer, as well. I know this because neither will display info when I type in their names in Terminal. I can't get any info about them.

Anyway, I was hoping to re-install both of these so I can use them on my Drupal 8 site.

I've tried various ways to install either Drush and Composer and I keep getting errors:

Hello,
I cannot update any Drupal 7 module since a few days, I searched a lot and tried several solutions, but nothing works...
Here is the error message I obtain each time I try a module update, after the progress bar:

I have site in which role ids are different in each environment. Is there any way we can make it same in all environment using hook_update_n.

After I update my site to D7.56 I get the following notifications:

Hi,
I am trying to update Drupal 8.2.x to 8.3.7.

After copying over the core files, do you happen to know if it’s possible to update the database (update.php?) without server connectivity to the internet? Since the servers are behind a firewall, we are unable to completely run automatic updates directly from the servers.

I'm assuming hitting update.php is the only thing we do to upgrade the database. How I can update database without internet connectivity.
Security is concerned about exposing the server to internet for update.

I just upgraded my Macbook Pro to MacOS Sierra (10.12.6), so its probably related to the issue.

I'm trying to upgrade my Drupal 8 local installation from 8.3.1 to 8.3.7. When I try to run "composer outdated" or "composer update drupal" I see this error: