After much research, and the great input of other posters who have visited this need in the past, I think I've figured out another way to resize user pictures in nodes and comments. (this is intended for 4.7 only)
We SHOULD be able to resize user pictures using CSS. This offloads the task of resizing to the user's browser, rather than the Drupal server. Unfortunately we can't resize user pictures because of the way Drupal themes them.
Drupal wraps the img with a div, having the class of .picture. If we try to add a size attribute to this class, it fails, because the default size of the img object nested inside the div takes precedence. What we need is a class on the img itself, then we can resize it in style.css.
To do this, we need to override the Drupal function that formats the user picture. This function is found in the profiles module and is called theme_user_picture(). Since this is a themable function, we can override it in the template.php file in the default theme directory. This new function moves the .picture class from the div that wraps the image to the img object itself.
Here's the new function to add to template.php:
<?php
function phptemplate_user_picture($account) {
if (variable_get('user_pictures', 0)) {
if ($account->picture && file_exists($account->picture)) {
$picture = file_create_url($account->picture);
}