Upgrading Drupal

I am  successfully using drupal 9.4.8 on my site on a commercial hosting. I do not have composer or drush on that hosting.

How do I upgrade to Drupal 10?

Please point me to any information page on this?

I tried to upgrade manually on my local machine (where my composer and drush are not yet compatible to PHP 8.1)

I have been successful in using this page to do my earlier updates (all the way upto D9.4.8)

I have been trying various approaches to the procedure here.

https://www.drupal.org/docs/upgrading-drupal/upgrading-from-drupal-8-or-...

Here are the commands I've used most recently.

Hello everyone: I wonder if anyone has experienced the following issue and managed to resolve it.

I have two drupal sites sharing the same deployment and I just upgraded Drupal from 9.5.10 to 10.1.2 via composer. When I try to run the pending database updates with drush (or any other drush commend eg check the drush version) I get the following:

./vendor/bin/drush --version

Context

• I started in a development dev with an 8.9.20 site with some modules to be upgraded
• upgraded all modules to 8.max versions, uninstalled some modules withoud 9 versions
• then upgraded core and modules to 9.5.10 and max modules versions
• my production site so is still 8.9.20 site with some modules to be upgraded

question
Is it possible to deploy in one step, or do I have to leapfrog  over the 8.max version with all modules 8.max versions?

I read through the other posts with similar problems, but nothing suggesting seems to work. Upgrade Status says I'm all set to upgrade at %100. Here is the steps:

Regarding the update from drupal 9 to 10 ( for a small chessclub ) I have two simple questions.
( I have been running drupal for many years , starting with drupal 7.  I am now switching to composer and the new folder structure  for svrivierenland.nl after only having had just time to do the manual updates in some spare hours.
   Now I have some spare time to do some site maintenance and getting rid of some clutter from other co-maintainers )