Make image_captcha reload link display configurable

Think I figured it out:

1.) Create an overrides module (i.e. - whatever.module file).

2.) Inside < YOUR MODULE >_captcha_alter($form, $form_state){}, include the following code:

$form_id = $form['#id'];

$uri = Link::fromTextAndUrl(t('THIS IS THE NEW REFRESH TEXT!'),
	new Url('image_captcha.refresh',
		['form_id' => $form_id],
		['attributes' => ['class' => ['reload-captcha']]]
	)
);
    
$element['captcha_widgets']['captcha_refresh']['#captcha_refresh_link'] = [
	'#theme' => 'image_captcha_refresh',
	'#captcha_refresh_link' => $uri,
];  
  
$form['captcha']['captcha_widgets']['captcha_refresh']['#captcha_refresh_link'] = $element['captcha_widgets']['captcha_refresh']['#captcha_refresh_link'];

return $form;

3.) Clear the cache and refresh a page that has an image captcha. The new text should be visible now.

Hope this helps.

dravenk, make sure you included all the CAPTCHA elements inside the markup that the overall form requires as many elements have to be used within the TWIG file to reach functional parity. (And obviously, clear the cache if you make any changes to your override file before testing things.)

Here's my complete TWIG file that I made for my CAPTCHA implementation, which I plopped into my theme's "templates" folder at /sites/all/themes//templates/user-login-form.html.twig:

{#{kint(form)}#}
<section id="user-login">
	<div class="login-text">                              
        <form role="form" id="sub-form">
			<div class="form-group">
				{{ form.name }}
			</div>
            <div id="password" class="form-group">
				{{ form.pass }}
				<a id="forgotten_password" href="{{ base_url }}/user/password" alt="Request new password via email">Forgot password?</a>
			</div>
			<div id="captcha" class="captcha">						
				{{form.captcha.captcha_widgets.captcha_response|without('#title')}}
				<div id="captcha_code">{{form.captcha.captcha_widgets.captcha_image}}{{form.captcha.captcha_widgets.captcha_refresh}}</div>
			</div>

            {{ form.form_build_id }}
            {{ form.form_id }}
			{{form.captcha.captcha_sid}}
			{{form.captcha.captcha_token}}

            <div class="login-button">
				{{ form.actions }}
			</div>

			<div class="hide">
				{{ 
					form.captcha|without('#type','#captcha_type','#weight','#input','#process','#default_value','#captcha_admin_mode','#captcha_validate','#value_callback','#defaults_loaded','#tree','#parents','#array_parents','#processed','#required','#attributes','#title_display','#description_display','#errors','#id','#name','#value','#attached','captcha_sid','captcha_token','captcha_widgets','#element_validate','#theme','#sorted') 
				}}
			</div>

		</form>
	</div>        
</section>

The biggest pain in all this was figuring out which TWIG elements / objects I needed to reference inside this override file. I can't even remember how I learned which ones I needed to use, but what I have here works for me. Hope it helps.