Implement field type category

Problem/Motivation

Drupal 11 requires field types to use the category ID in the category annotation property. Deprecated in Drupal 10.2.0, adding new fields for composite synchronization fields that hold the remote ID/changed properties breaks in Drupal 11.0.0.

Change record: https://www.drupal.org/node/3375748

Steps to reproduce

On a Drupal 11 application try to create a new composite synchronization field on any entity, using the form provided by Field UI.

Proposed resolution

Implement the new field type category API.

Remaining tasks

- [x] Implemented the new category API.
- [ ] Add an icon.