[13.x] [meta] Add compatibility for the latest minor and major dependency versions in Drupal 12

Problem/Motivation

Before we can update our dependencies in Drupal 12, we need to add forward-compatibility with the new versions in Drupal 11.

Proposed resolution

Add compatibility for upcoming major versions of dependencies to Drupal 11 core minors, including addressing deprecations added in those versions.

1. PHP

   • {ISSUE}

2. Symfony

   • {ISSUE}

3. PHPUnit

   • {ISSUE}

4. jQuery and jQuery UI

   • {ISSUE}

5. Other dependencies

   Monitor other dependencies for new major versions and ensure forward-compatibility is added where possible.