[meta] Allow deprecation of modules and themes

Problem/Motivation

Meta issue for the API, UI, documentation, contributor tooling, etc. work needed to deprecate core extensions.

Proposed resolution

An API for module statuses (including deprecations) was added in #3118154: [meta] Deprecate dependencies, libraries, modules, and themes that will be removed from Drupal 10 core by 9.4.0-beta1. There are a number of followups.

Remaining tasks

1. #3215043: Indicate the non-stable statuses in admin/modules page

Completed followups

• #3215043: Indicate the non-stable statuses in admin/modules page