The taxonomy module does not implement hook_query_TAG_alter to provide default access control for queries tagged with "taxonomy_term_access". This is counter to the node module which DOES implement this hook. I think this was not such a big deal in the past, but recently taxonomy terms gained publish/unpublish capabilities, so now it seems like core should really implement this hook to prevent unpublished terms from being displayed to those that cannot view them.
This came up in discussions for #3101738: Exposed term filters should not show term options that the user does not have access to
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Comment #2
bkosborneComment #3
catch