Convert Umami's node.html.twig to use SDC components

Problem/Motivation

The main objective stated in #3313520: Single-directory components in core is:

We want to simplify the front-end development workflow, and improve maintainability of core and contrib themes.

along with:

Reduce the number of framework implementation details required to put templated HTML, CSS, and JS in a Drupal page.

I think a great example for demonstrating this would be to convert Umami's node.html.twig (and once SDC is stable, perhaps the node.html.twig of other core themes or even core/modules/node/templates/node.html.twig itself) into using components.

I think node.html.twig would make for a good example because it currently has so many variables, including a bunch of Drupal "implementation details", so seeing how this can be simplified by breaking into components where each one has fewer variables and where those variables are more generic and less Drupal-specific could be quite impactful.

Steps to reproduce

Proposed resolution

Discuss if it makes sense to refactor Umami's node.html.twig to use SDC, and if so, then do it.

Remaining tasks

User interface changes

API changes

Data model changes

Release notes snippet