Problem/Motivation

The default list of titles does not include a gender-neutral title, which is not inclusive.

Proposed resolution

Add the most commonly used gender-neutral title, "Mx.", to the list of default titles.

Gender-Neutral Honorifics (Mx) by Language

This table lists languages that have a recognized or emerging gender-neutral honorific equivalent to Mx. Where no direct equivalent exists, notes describe the current practice.

Language Equivalent to Mx Form Notes
English Mx Mx. Accepted in dictionaries and institutions.
Spanish Mx-like Mx., Mix, Mxre Activist/modern usage, not widespread.
Portuguese Mx-like Mx., Mx.ª Used in LGBTQ+ advocacy groups.
German Mx-like (debated) Mx.; omit honorific Often omit gendered titles instead.
French Mx-like (emerging) Mx.; Mix Used in queer communities; not officially standardized.
Swedish Hen-based Hen Gender-neutral pronoun adopted formally; honorific still informal.
Dutch No standard Beste [name] Gender-neutral greeting; no direct honorific.
Danish None Kære [name] Gender-neutral forms preferred by omission.
Japanese さん Xさん “San” is neutral in gender; widely standard.
Mandarin Chinese Neutral by role X老师 / X同学 Replace title with role instead of gender.
Korean 님 X님 Respectful and gender-neutral.
Hindi जी X जी (Ji) Formal, respectful, gender-neutral.
Arabic Role-based neutral أستاذ (Ustādh) Often gender distinction kept; neutral use increasing.
Turkish No gender in pronouns Sayın X Sayın = respectful & gender-neutral; Bey/Hanım avoided.
Persian (Farsi) جناب جناب X Used as a gender-neutral respectful title in modern contexts.
Swahili No traditional gender X Mtu (rare) Omitting titles is more common.
Esperanto Designed gender-neutral Mx. often borrowed Lingua-nonbinary proposals exist.
Hawaiian Gender-neutral respect Kumu Means “teacher/elder”; context-based neutrality.

Notes: Many languages have no traditional gender-neutral honorific; modern usage often borrows or uses role-based/neutral forms.

Global Honorifics — Language Families

This table emphasizes broad language-family representation.

Language Family Language Mister Misses Notes
Indo-European (Germanic) English Mister (Mr.) Misses (Mrs. / Ms.) Standard English honorifics.
Indo-European (Romance) Spanish Señor Señora Also Señorita for unmarried women in some contexts.
Indo-European (Romance) French Monsieur Madame Madame / Mademoiselle (less used)
Indo-European (Germanic) German Herr Frau Formal forms: Herr / Frau.
Indo-European (Romance) Portuguese Senhor Senhora Brazilian/European usage similar.
Indo-European (Slavic) Russian Господин (Gospodin) Госпожа (Gospoža) Also informal: Mister/Miss equivalents borrowed.
Indo-European (Slavic) Polish Pan Pani Pan/Pani used widely.
Indo-European (Indo-Aryan) Hindi श्री (Shri) / श्रीमान (Shriman) श्रीमती (Shrimati) Shrimati common for married women; modern Ms. use varies.
Indo-European (Indo-Aryan) Bengali শ্রী (Śri) শ্রীমতী (Śrimoti) Often used in formal writing.
Indo-European (Iranian) Persian (Farsi) آقا (Aghā / Aqā) خانم (Khānom) Standard modern Persian forms.
Indo-European (Hellenic) Modern Greek Κύριος (Kýrios) Κυρία (Kyría) Formal honorifics.
Indo-European (Celtic) Irish (Gaelic) Uasal (rare) Bhean Uasal (rare) Modern English titles also used; Gaelic honorifics are less standardized.
Indo-European (Balto-Slavic) Lithuanian Ponas Ponia Standard Lithuanian honorifics.
Uralic Finnish Herra Rouva Herra / Rouva; 'Neiti' historically for Miss.
Uralic Hungarian Úr Asszony / Hölgy Úr (Mr.), Asszony often Mrs., Hölgy more like 'lady'.
Uralic Estonian Härra Proua Equivalent forms in Estonian.
Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Arabic (Modern Standard) السيد (as-Sayyid) السيدة (as-Sayyida) Regional spoken forms vary (e.g., 'Ustadh' sometimes).
Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) Hebrew (Modern) מר (Mar) גברת (Gveret) / גברת (G'vrit) Mar / Gveret; 'Adoni' rarely used formally.
Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) Amharic አቶ (Ato) ወይቤ/ወይት (Weibe / Woyit) / ወይት not common Ato for Mr., 'Weizero' for Mrs.
Niger–Congo (Bantu) Swahili Bwana Bi / Bibi Bwana (Mr.), Bibi or Bi (Mrs./Ms.).
Niger–Congo (Atlantic) Fula (Fulfulde) Alhaji / Amadou (contextual) Haja / Aminata (contextual) Honorifics can be religious or context-driven.
Niger–Congo (Volta–Niger) Yoruba Ọgbẹni (Ọgbeni) Arabinrin / Iyaafin Ọgbẹni / Arabinrin commonly used.
Niger–Congo (Benue–Congo) Igbo Mr. / Ọkpara (contextual) Mrs. / Nne (contextual) Modern Mr./Mrs. often used in English contexts.
Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) Hausa Alhaji / Malam (contextual) Hajiya / Haji (female forms) Religious and honorific forms incorporated.
Austronesian Malay Tuan Puan Tuan/Puan commonly used in Malay and Indonesian contexts.
Austronesian Indonesian Tuan Ibu / Nyonya Ibu often used like 'Ms./Mrs.'; Nyonya for Mrs. (older).
Austronesian Tagalog (Filipino) Ginoo Ginang / Binibini Ginang for Mrs., Binibini for Miss.
Austronesian Maori Rangatira (chief) / No direct 'Mr.' Kuriā / No direct 'Mrs.' Traditional titles differ; modern borrowings (Mr./Mrs.) common.
Austronesian Malagasy Tompo Madama Tompo (sir), Madama (madam) in Malagasy.
Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) Mandarin Chinese 先生 (Xiānsheng) 女士 / 太太 (Nǚshì / Tàitai) Xiānsheng (Mr.), Nǚshì (Ms.), Tàitai (Mrs.).
Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) Cantonese 先生 (Sīnsaang) 太太 / 女士 (TaaiTaai / Neoi6si6) Regional pronunciations differ.
Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Burmese U (prefix) Daw (prefix for women) U (male honorific), Daw (female honorific).
Tai–Kadai Thai นาย (Nai) นาง (Nang) / นางสาว (Nang sao) Nang sao = Miss, Nang = Mrs.
Tai–Kadai Lao ທ່ານ (Than) / ທ່ານຜູ້ຊາຍ ທ່ານ (Than) / ທ່ານຜູ້ຍິງ Than is formal; gendered forms less distinct.
Austroasiatic Vietnamese Ông Bà Ông (Mr.), Bà (Mrs./Ms.).
Austroasiatic Khmer (Cambodian) លោក (Lok) លោកស្រី (Lok Srey) Lok (Mr.), Lok Srey (Mrs./Madam).
Dravidian Tamil Mr. / திரு (Thiru) திருமதி (Thirumathi) Thiru (Mr.), Thirumathi (Mrs.).
Dravidian Telugu Shri / Sri Smt. (Shrimati) Honorifics similar to other Indian languages.
Dravidian Kannada Shri / ShriMan Smt. (Shrimathi) Formal written forms common.
Japonic Japanese 〜さん (san) / 様 (sama) for very formal 〜さん (san) / 様 (sama) San is neutral and widely used; sama more respectful.
Koreanic Korean 씨 (ssi) / 님 (nim) 씨 (ssi) / 부인 (buin) for Mrs. Ssi is common neutral honorific; nim is respectful suffix.
Turkic Turkish Bay Bayan Bay (Mr.), Bayan (Mrs./Ms.).
Turkic Kazakh Әз (or Ağa — contextual) Әйел / Aпа (contextual) Local forms and Russian borrowings common.
Mongolic Mongolian Ноён (Noyon) / ноёнтон Эмэгтэй (emegtei) / ноёнтон эмэгтэй Traditional titles like Noyon exist; modern Mr./Mrs. borrowed.
Altaic (proposed) Uzbek Janob (from Persian) Xonim Janob/xonim used in Uzbek (Persian influence).
Eskimo–Aleut Inuktitut No traditional 'Mr.' — modern borrow No traditional 'Mrs.' — modern borrow Use of English or local kin terms typical in practice.
Ainu (Isolate) Ainu No traditional equivalent — modern borrow No traditional equivalent — modern borrow Ainu uses kinship and status terms rather than 'Mr/Mrs'.
Basque (Isolate) Basque Jaun Andre Jaun (Mr.), Andere / Andra (Mrs./Madam).
Caucasian (Kartvelian) Georgian ბატონო (Batono) ქალბატონო (Kalbatono) Batono/Kalbatono formal forms.
Caucasian (Northwest) Chechen No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Modern Russian/Islamic honorifics often used.
Austronesian (Formosan) Amis (Taiwan) No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Traditional kin terms preferred; modern borrowings used.
Pama–Nyungan (Australian) Pitjantjatjara No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Kinship terms and avoidance speech instead of Mr/Mrs.
Trans–New Guinea (Papuan) Tok Pisin (creole) Mista (Mister) Misis Tok Pisin uses English-based forms: Mista / Misis.
Hmong–Mien Hmong No traditional 'Mr.' — clan/kin terms common No traditional 'Mrs.' — clan/kin terms common Modern borrowings or local kinship-based address.
Hellenic (Ancient branch) — modern Greek (Cypriot) Κύριος (Kýrios) Κυρία (Kyría) Regional variants possible.
Indo-European (Albanian) Albanian Zoti Zonja Zoti/Zonja used in Albanian.
Indo-European (Romance) Romanian Domn Doamnă Domn/Doamnă formal forms.
Indo-European (Slavic) Croatian Gospodin Gospođa Gospodin / Gospođa formal.
Indo-European (Slavic) Bulgarian Господин (Gospodin) Госпожа (Gospoža) Similar to Russian usage.
Indo-European (Iranian) Kurdish (Kurmanji) Heval / Mr. (borrowed) Jin / Mrs. (borrowed) Local forms and borrowings vary by region.
Indo-European (Romance) Catalan Senyor Senyora Similar to Spanish but Catalan forms.
Indo-European (Baltic) Latvian Kungs Kundze Kungs/Kundze forms.
Indo-European (Hittite branch - extinct) Hittite (extinct) N/A N/A Listed for family coverage; no modern honorifics.
Nivkh (Isolate) Nivkh No traditional equivalent No traditional equivalent Language isolate of the Russian Far East; modern borrowings used.
Tungusic Evenki No traditional 'Mr.' No traditional 'Mrs.' Kinship and rank terms used.
Yeniseian Ket No traditional equivalent No traditional equivalent Small family of Siberia; modern borrowings used.
Salishan Coast Salish (general) No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Politeness and kinship terms instead of Mr/Mrs.
Siouan Lakota No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Kinship/ceremonial titles more important.
Algic Ojibwe No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Kinship terms and clan names used; English titles often used now.
Uto–Aztecan Nahuatl Tlahtōlli (contextual) / modern borrow Cihuātl (contextual) / modern borrow Traditional terms often mean 'speaker/leader' rather than Mr/Mrs.
Macro-Jê Kaingang No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Indigenous Brazilian family; kinship forms dominant.
Tucanoan Tucano No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Amazonian families typically use kinship terms.
Quechuan Quechua Qari (man) Warmi (woman) Used as 'man/woman' rather than honorifics; Spanish titles also used.
Aymaran Aymara Chacha Warmi Chacha (man), Warmi (woman) — descriptive rather than title.
Tupi–Guarani Guaraní Karai Kuñakarai Karai used as a respectful address.
Japonic (Ryukyuan) Okinawan San / Sama (borrowed) San / Sama (borrowed) Japanese honorifics often used in modern contexts.
Constructed Esperanto Sinjoro Sinjorino Esperanto forms modeled after Romance/European patterns.
Creole Haitian Creole Monsieur / Misye Madam / Madanm French influence; Misye/Madanm common.
Romani Romani (various dialects) Rum (man) / Mister (borrowed) Zor (woman) / Mrs. (borrowed) Regional variability; borrowings common.
Indo-European (Anatolian — extinct) Luwian (extinct) N/A N/A Included for family coverage; no living honorifics.
Hattic (extinct isolate) Hattic N/A N/A Historic language, no modern honorifics.
Khoisan (Khoe–Kwadi) Nama (Khoekhoe) ǁAesa (contextual) ǁAesasi (contextual) Click languages with local terms; modern borrowings often used.
Macro-Siouan (other branch) Omaha–Ponca No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Kinship and clan titles preferred.
Mixe–Zoque Mixe No direct traditional equivalent No direct traditional equivalent Mesoamerican family; local terms and Spanish borrowings used.
Isolate Ainu No traditional equivalent No traditional equivalent Listed again for clarity.

Notes: Where a language had no traditional gendered honorific, the Notes column explains typical modern practices (borrowed forms, kinship-based address, or descriptive words like 'man'/'woman').

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Comments

jdleonard created an issue. See original summary.

jdleonard’s picture

Assigned: jdleonard » Unassigned
Status: Active » Needs review

bluegeek9 made their first commit to this issue’s fork.

bluegeek9 changed the visibility of the branch 8.x-1.x to hidden.

bluegeek9’s picture

The name module allows site builders to define a vocabulary for titles.

I am not sure how Mx would be translated.

Three of the seven options are already gender neutral: Dr, Prof, and 'blank'

Is Mx a gender-neutral title or a non-binary gendered title?

jdleonard’s picture

I would imagine translation would be difficult to languages where there is no established gender-neutral titles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender-neutral_title#Languages lists examples in Japanese and Thai. Unless the Name module is shipping translations, I think we can defer to the consumers of the module to translate or remove any titles they don't wish to use.

I did run the concept of this issue by #diversity-inclusion in Drupal Slack.

Among other gems, Fei wrote:

Because we do still use titles in many settings, I would argue that it's important to have one or two common gender-neutral options OOTB. This is because every single time we are exposed to an unfamiliar thing, it becomes more comfortable. So it's an opportunity to bolster visibility among audiences who may not have much exposure to the concept of gender non-conformance.

Further enhancements would be to provide a "do not use title" option (selectable by someone filling out a form exposing the title sub-field) and a write-in option for the title, but I wanted to keep the scope of this change small to facilitate greater inclusion ASAP, especially for consumers of the module that just leave the default set of provided titles as-is. These enhancements could be follow-up issues, but I mention them for context.

bluegeek9’s picture

I understand the motivation behind increasing familiarity with gender-neutral titles, but I would question whether a software module is the right vehicle for that goal. Exposure can make something more familiar, but it does not automatically lead to acceptance — people respond to ideas through experience, not repetition alone.

From a practical standpoint, defaults in software are meant to serve the broadest range of users with the least friction. When defaults are used to promote social visibility rather than usability, it can blur the line between function and advocacy. Flexibility already exists for organizations or individuals who wish to add their own titles, without imposing assumptions on everyone else.

In short, it may be wiser to keep defaults focused on clarity and efficiency, leaving social or cultural choices to those implementing the software in their own context.

jdleonard’s picture

@bluegeek9 I disagree. The motivation here isn't about advocacy or increasing familiarity, but rather about pursuing inclusion, as commonly practiced in the Drupal community.

Someone who uses gender-neutral pronouns installing Name Field and finding their pronouns not being part of the default set is clearly not being included by the Drupal community.

Someone using a site with the Name Field default pronouns (which will typically remain unchanged by the developer / site builder) may be required to choose from a gendered pronoun, is not being included by whatever that community is.

As you say, defaults can be changed by a site builder. If a site builder wishes to make the set of default pronouns less inclusive, they certainly can, but we should endeavor to have the defaults be inclusive.

What harm can come from being more inclusive here?

rubyji’s picture

I agree with Fei's comment that it is important to have a gender-neutral option built in. Please include Mx.

sikofitt’s picture

I think it is important to be as inclusive as possible when it comes to titles. Identity is very important. Mx would be an appropriate addition to the defaults.

bluegeek9’s picture

Inclusion is a worthy goal, but software is a poor place to conduct social experiments. A title field exists to collect information, not to make cultural statements. When defaults are used to advance symbolism, the function is often lost in the gesture.

It’s true that defaults matter — but that is precisely why caution is needed. A default doesn’t merely permit something; it endorses it. Including Mx. “out of the box” subtly promotes a Western, Anglophone understanding of gender and language. Many users around the world do not share that frame of reference. For non-fluent Anglophones, Mx. may resemble a typographical error for 'Mr' or 'Ms', much like the old “manimum” and “miximum” confusion between minimum and maximum. What seems progressive in one context can be perplexing in another.

Site builders who are fluent in English can remove Mx. without difficulty, but the burden falls disproportionately on non-Western, non-English-speaking communities. Drupal has strong multilingual support, yet translation coverage is lowest among the language groups least likely to have established gender-neutral titles. Imposing this default shifts the work to those least positioned to accommodate it, while offering symbolic gain primarily to those most insulated from the consequences. True inclusion is better achieved through flexibility — allowing each community to define titles appropriate to its language, culture, and users.

jdleonard’s picture

I don't see the proposed changes as "conducting a social experiment", "making a cultural statement", or "advancing symbolism".

Choosing only binary titles is just as much of a "cultural statement" as including a non-binary one, but it is exclusionary by nature.

I agree that "A title field exists to collect information". It exists to collect the title of a person, accurately. If that person's title is not there, they are excluded / othered and the data collected is less complete or less accurate than it could be. It is symbolic of them not being welcome; it is a hostile user experience.

The existing defaults already promote a "Western, Anglophone understanding". There are many languages for which there is no translation of "Mr." or "Mrs." (for example).

The proposed changes correct the defaults to be more modern and inclusive from the start, placing the minor burden of removal on the few who object to it, rather than placing the burden of inclusion on the many who require it.

bluegeek9’s picture

I am unable to find evidence from the Drupal ecosystem of other projects using Mx. as an honorific. Introducing it without precedent risks imposing novelty and additional workload on contributors—especially volunteers, many from the very groups your advocacy seeks to support, including those defined by ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, language, (dis)ability, age, religion, or political perspective. Well-intentioned advocacy must account for real-world implementation costs.

The claim that failing to include Mx. constitutes exclusion raises a critical question: if inaction is itself an act, where does it end? If the absence of a single honorific is morally exclusionary, then the omission of every possible honorific in every culture would also constitute exclusion. This reasoning collapses under its own universality, making everyone guilty of every omission. Defaults in software should serve the broadest range of users with minimal friction, not enforce ideological symbolism.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are outcomes we all support, but achieving them in software is procedural: systems must allow flexibility, empower communities, and enable contribution without coercion. A more sustainable path is to document Mx. as an optional honorific in the README, allowing those who wish to adopt it while preserving usability and fairness for all. Inclusion is meaningful only when it respects both ideals and the practical limitations.

alan d.’s picture

As my 2 cents as the original developer.

I spent way to much time looking at naming issues from an international perspective and i18n translation issues by themselves would make this problematic. I would be against the change for that reason alone.

Making simple instructions on how to include this option within the readme would be a welcome addition.

bluegeek9’s picture

Issue summary: View changes
Status: Needs review » Needs work
alan d.’s picture

I'll just note the obvious elephant in the room, you can make titles optional. This avoids having to express that you are uncomfortable using a gender title and some people will read the Mx title with negative cogitations

Removing this from the end user interface completely is probably the most inclusive method.

Titles are old fashioned these days, but honorary titles are still commonplace. The best solution could be to add a non-gendered title formatter option.

I.e. Mr, Ms, Mx, ... get removed, Dr, Prof, .. stay.

Then change the default formatting option to use this. Change rather than adding new options that would clutter the initial list.

No update script to change the default formatter.

Possibly implemented using a new specific taxonomic field, and checking that field during formatting.

jdleonard’s picture

I like the general idea that alan d. outlined of removing the gendered titles from the default list.

IMO the biggest issue here is the prominence of the gendered titles, which invites exclusion and division. If the default set of titles doesn't include gendered titles, the need to add "Mx." is lessened (and also perhaps the barrier to adding it to a non-default list would be lower).

alan d.’s picture

One quick and easy addition would be to add a conditional warning linked to the title component required settings to rise the issue with site builders within the admin UI

This issue predates those around personal identity with relation to gender equality, so maybe something generic like;

To avoid issues with gendered titles (Mr, Miss, etc), consider including a non-gendered title option (Mx) [when setting this to be required] if you haven't already done so

Title options can be set here.

I'm sure someone can come up with better wording, but no need to go into specifics.

Either always show, adding a warning class when set to required OR only show with the warning class when the title required field is checked (removing the extra text in the sq brackets). I think I'd prefer the latter if toggling the visibility doesn't cause usability issues with elements moving about.

Maybe link issues to a drupal.org page that covers these in more detail. If there are multiple pages, pick the one for gender equality in that this affects over half of the population and this is fairly non-political nowadays.

Any links in the message should open in a new window/tab.

We can initiate the translation process by adding Mx to the Name module. Mr, Miss and Mx in the above warning message should be inserted individually, which will trigger this. :)

If someone is keen to tackle either task, create a couple new child issues for each.

The only barrier I have to adding Mx is the translation issue. I'd be happy revisiting this once a large majority of Name modules translations support it (>95%).

We can leave this as an open parent issue but postponed until there is enough support.

alan d.’s picture

I forgot, a third child issue to make a section of the module readme that rises the issue too.

Something like the following.

Change Resources to Honorific Titles and move this section above the maintainers section (that also needs updating, separate issue)

The module ships with a limited list of title options. These are stored in a vocabulary allowing site builders to easily add or remove title options.

* Mr
* Mrs
* Miss
* Ms
* Dr
* Prof

If your language supports a generic non-gendered title such as Mx, this is a recommended title option to add to the default list, especially if you make the title component required.

* Mx

Here is a comprehensive list of titles if you feel that the standard list is not enough:

* Brother
...

[Edit]
I'm currently on an extended kayaking trip and haven't seen any of the changes done to the module in the last 5 years.

I'm going off a comment suggesting the title options are now only stored in a vocabulary but these use to be in the field settings with the option to use a vocab.

If it is still the same, the wording will need to be adjusted slightly for the field settings warning and readme.

bluegeek9’s picture

Status: Needs work » Fixed
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