Problem/Motivation
The default list of titles does not include a gender-neutral title, which is not inclusive.
Proposed resolution
Add the most commonly used gender-neutral title, "Mx.", to the list of default titles.
Gender-Neutral Honorifics (Mx) by Language
This table lists languages that have a recognized or emerging gender-neutral honorific equivalent to Mx. Where no direct equivalent exists, notes describe the current practice.
| Language | Equivalent to Mx | Form | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | Mx | Mx. | Accepted in dictionaries and institutions. |
| Spanish | Mx-like | Mx., Mix, Mxre | Activist/modern usage, not widespread. |
| Portuguese | Mx-like | Mx., Mx.ª | Used in LGBTQ+ advocacy groups. |
| German | Mx-like (debated) | Mx.; omit honorific | Often omit gendered titles instead. |
| French | Mx-like (emerging) | Mx.; Mix | Used in queer communities; not officially standardized. |
| Swedish | Hen-based | Hen | Gender-neutral pronoun adopted formally; honorific still informal. |
| Dutch | No standard | Beste [name] | Gender-neutral greeting; no direct honorific. |
| Danish | None | Kære [name] | Gender-neutral forms preferred by omission. |
| Japanese | さん | Xさん | “San” is neutral in gender; widely standard. |
| Mandarin Chinese | Neutral by role | X老师 / X同学 | Replace title with role instead of gender. |
| Korean | 님 | X님 | Respectful and gender-neutral. |
| Hindi | जी | X जी (Ji) | Formal, respectful, gender-neutral. |
| Arabic | Role-based neutral | أستاذ (Ustādh) | Often gender distinction kept; neutral use increasing. |
| Turkish | No gender in pronouns | Sayın X | Sayın = respectful & gender-neutral; Bey/Hanım avoided. |
| Persian (Farsi) | جناب | جناب X | Used as a gender-neutral respectful title in modern contexts. |
| Swahili | No traditional gender | X Mtu (rare) | Omitting titles is more common. |
| Esperanto | Designed gender-neutral | Mx. often borrowed | Lingua-nonbinary proposals exist. |
| Hawaiian | Gender-neutral respect | Kumu | Means “teacher/elder”; context-based neutrality. |
Notes: Many languages have no traditional gender-neutral honorific; modern usage often borrows or uses role-based/neutral forms.
Global Honorifics — Language Families
This table emphasizes broad language-family representation.
| Language Family | Language | Mister | Misses | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indo-European (Germanic) | English | Mister (Mr.) | Misses (Mrs. / Ms.) | Standard English honorifics. |
| Indo-European (Romance) | Spanish | Señor | Señora | Also Señorita for unmarried women in some contexts. |
| Indo-European (Romance) | French | Monsieur | Madame | Madame / Mademoiselle (less used) |
| Indo-European (Germanic) | German | Herr | Frau | Formal forms: Herr / Frau. |
| Indo-European (Romance) | Portuguese | Senhor | Senhora | Brazilian/European usage similar. |
| Indo-European (Slavic) | Russian | Господин (Gospodin) | Госпожа (Gospoža) | Also informal: Mister/Miss equivalents borrowed. |
| Indo-European (Slavic) | Polish | Pan | Pani | Pan/Pani used widely. |
| Indo-European (Indo-Aryan) | Hindi | श्री (Shri) / श्रीमान (Shriman) | श्रीमती (Shrimati) | Shrimati common for married women; modern Ms. use varies. |
| Indo-European (Indo-Aryan) | Bengali | শ্রী (Śri) | শ্রীমতী (Śrimoti) | Often used in formal writing. |
| Indo-European (Iranian) | Persian (Farsi) | آقا (Aghā / Aqā) | خانم (Khānom) | Standard modern Persian forms. |
| Indo-European (Hellenic) | Modern Greek | Κύριος (Kýrios) | Κυρία (Kyría) | Formal honorifics. |
| Indo-European (Celtic) | Irish (Gaelic) | Uasal (rare) | Bhean Uasal (rare) | Modern English titles also used; Gaelic honorifics are less standardized. |
| Indo-European (Balto-Slavic) | Lithuanian | Ponas | Ponia | Standard Lithuanian honorifics. |
| Uralic | Finnish | Herra | Rouva | Herra / Rouva; 'Neiti' historically for Miss. |
| Uralic | Hungarian | Úr | Asszony / Hölgy | Úr (Mr.), Asszony often Mrs., Hölgy more like 'lady'. |
| Uralic | Estonian | Härra | Proua | Equivalent forms in Estonian. |
| Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | Arabic (Modern Standard) | السيد (as-Sayyid) | السيدة (as-Sayyida) | Regional spoken forms vary (e.g., 'Ustadh' sometimes). |
| Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | Hebrew (Modern) | מר (Mar) | גברת (Gveret) / גברת (G'vrit) | Mar / Gveret; 'Adoni' rarely used formally. |
| Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) | Amharic | አቶ (Ato) | ወይቤ/ወይት (Weibe / Woyit) / ወይት not common | Ato for Mr., 'Weizero' for Mrs. |
| Niger–Congo (Bantu) | Swahili | Bwana | Bi / Bibi | Bwana (Mr.), Bibi or Bi (Mrs./Ms.). |
| Niger–Congo (Atlantic) | Fula (Fulfulde) | Alhaji / Amadou (contextual) | Haja / Aminata (contextual) | Honorifics can be religious or context-driven. |
| Niger–Congo (Volta–Niger) | Yoruba | Ọgbẹni (Ọgbeni) | Arabinrin / Iyaafin | Ọgbẹni / Arabinrin commonly used. |
| Niger–Congo (Benue–Congo) | Igbo | Mr. / Ọkpara (contextual) | Mrs. / Nne (contextual) | Modern Mr./Mrs. often used in English contexts. |
| Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) | Hausa | Alhaji / Malam (contextual) | Hajiya / Haji (female forms) | Religious and honorific forms incorporated. |
| Austronesian | Malay | Tuan | Puan | Tuan/Puan commonly used in Malay and Indonesian contexts. |
| Austronesian | Indonesian | Tuan | Ibu / Nyonya | Ibu often used like 'Ms./Mrs.'; Nyonya for Mrs. (older). |
| Austronesian | Tagalog (Filipino) | Ginoo | Ginang / Binibini | Ginang for Mrs., Binibini for Miss. |
| Austronesian | Maori | Rangatira (chief) / No direct 'Mr.' | Kuriā / No direct 'Mrs.' | Traditional titles differ; modern borrowings (Mr./Mrs.) common. |
| Austronesian | Malagasy | Tompo | Madama | Tompo (sir), Madama (madam) in Malagasy. |
| Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) | Mandarin Chinese | 先生 (Xiānsheng) | 女士 / 太太 (Nǚshì / Tàitai) | Xiānsheng (Mr.), Nǚshì (Ms.), Tàitai (Mrs.). |
| Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) | Cantonese | 先生 (Sīnsaang) | 太太 / 女士 (TaaiTaai / Neoi6si6) | Regional pronunciations differ. |
| Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) | Burmese | U (prefix) | Daw (prefix for women) | U (male honorific), Daw (female honorific). |
| Tai–Kadai | Thai | นาย (Nai) | นาง (Nang) / นางสาว (Nang sao) | Nang sao = Miss, Nang = Mrs. |
| Tai–Kadai | Lao | ທ່ານ (Than) / ທ່ານຜູ້ຊາຍ | ທ່ານ (Than) / ທ່ານຜູ້ຍິງ | Than is formal; gendered forms less distinct. |
| Austroasiatic | Vietnamese | Ông | Bà | Ông (Mr.), Bà (Mrs./Ms.). |
| Austroasiatic | Khmer (Cambodian) | លោក (Lok) | លោកស្រី (Lok Srey) | Lok (Mr.), Lok Srey (Mrs./Madam). |
| Dravidian | Tamil | Mr. / திரு (Thiru) | திருமதி (Thirumathi) | Thiru (Mr.), Thirumathi (Mrs.). |
| Dravidian | Telugu | Shri / Sri | Smt. (Shrimati) | Honorifics similar to other Indian languages. |
| Dravidian | Kannada | Shri / ShriMan | Smt. (Shrimathi) | Formal written forms common. |
| Japonic | Japanese | 〜さん (san) / 様 (sama) for very formal | 〜さん (san) / 様 (sama) | San is neutral and widely used; sama more respectful. |
| Koreanic | Korean | 씨 (ssi) / 님 (nim) | 씨 (ssi) / 부인 (buin) for Mrs. | Ssi is common neutral honorific; nim is respectful suffix. |
| Turkic | Turkish | Bay | Bayan | Bay (Mr.), Bayan (Mrs./Ms.). |
| Turkic | Kazakh | Әз (or Ağa — contextual) | Әйел / Aпа (contextual) | Local forms and Russian borrowings common. |
| Mongolic | Mongolian | Ноён (Noyon) / ноёнтон | Эмэгтэй (emegtei) / ноёнтон эмэгтэй | Traditional titles like Noyon exist; modern Mr./Mrs. borrowed. |
| Altaic (proposed) | Uzbek | Janob (from Persian) | Xonim | Janob/xonim used in Uzbek (Persian influence). |
| Eskimo–Aleut | Inuktitut | No traditional 'Mr.' — modern borrow | No traditional 'Mrs.' — modern borrow | Use of English or local kin terms typical in practice. |
| Ainu (Isolate) | Ainu | No traditional equivalent — modern borrow | No traditional equivalent — modern borrow | Ainu uses kinship and status terms rather than 'Mr/Mrs'. |
| Basque (Isolate) | Basque | Jaun | Andre | Jaun (Mr.), Andere / Andra (Mrs./Madam). |
| Caucasian (Kartvelian) | Georgian | ბატონო (Batono) | ქალბატონო (Kalbatono) | Batono/Kalbatono formal forms. |
| Caucasian (Northwest) | Chechen | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Modern Russian/Islamic honorifics often used. |
| Austronesian (Formosan) | Amis (Taiwan) | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Traditional kin terms preferred; modern borrowings used. |
| Pama–Nyungan (Australian) | Pitjantjatjara | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Kinship terms and avoidance speech instead of Mr/Mrs. |
| Trans–New Guinea (Papuan) | Tok Pisin (creole) | Mista (Mister) | Misis | Tok Pisin uses English-based forms: Mista / Misis. |
| Hmong–Mien | Hmong | No traditional 'Mr.' — clan/kin terms common | No traditional 'Mrs.' — clan/kin terms common | Modern borrowings or local kinship-based address. |
| Hellenic (Ancient branch) — modern | Greek (Cypriot) | Κύριος (Kýrios) | Κυρία (Kyría) | Regional variants possible. |
| Indo-European (Albanian) | Albanian | Zoti | Zonja | Zoti/Zonja used in Albanian. |
| Indo-European (Romance) | Romanian | Domn | Doamnă | Domn/Doamnă formal forms. |
| Indo-European (Slavic) | Croatian | Gospodin | Gospođa | Gospodin / Gospođa formal. |
| Indo-European (Slavic) | Bulgarian | Господин (Gospodin) | Госпожа (Gospoža) | Similar to Russian usage. |
| Indo-European (Iranian) | Kurdish (Kurmanji) | Heval / Mr. (borrowed) | Jin / Mrs. (borrowed) | Local forms and borrowings vary by region. |
| Indo-European (Romance) | Catalan | Senyor | Senyora | Similar to Spanish but Catalan forms. |
| Indo-European (Baltic) | Latvian | Kungs | Kundze | Kungs/Kundze forms. |
| Indo-European (Hittite branch - extinct) | Hittite (extinct) | N/A | N/A | Listed for family coverage; no modern honorifics. |
| Nivkh (Isolate) | Nivkh | No traditional equivalent | No traditional equivalent | Language isolate of the Russian Far East; modern borrowings used. |
| Tungusic | Evenki | No traditional 'Mr.' | No traditional 'Mrs.' | Kinship and rank terms used. |
| Yeniseian | Ket | No traditional equivalent | No traditional equivalent | Small family of Siberia; modern borrowings used. |
| Salishan | Coast Salish (general) | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Politeness and kinship terms instead of Mr/Mrs. |
| Siouan | Lakota | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Kinship/ceremonial titles more important. |
| Algic | Ojibwe | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Kinship terms and clan names used; English titles often used now. |
| Uto–Aztecan | Nahuatl | Tlahtōlli (contextual) / modern borrow | Cihuātl (contextual) / modern borrow | Traditional terms often mean 'speaker/leader' rather than Mr/Mrs. |
| Macro-Jê | Kaingang | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Indigenous Brazilian family; kinship forms dominant. |
| Tucanoan | Tucano | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Amazonian families typically use kinship terms. |
| Quechuan | Quechua | Qari (man) | Warmi (woman) | Used as 'man/woman' rather than honorifics; Spanish titles also used. |
| Aymaran | Aymara | Chacha | Warmi | Chacha (man), Warmi (woman) — descriptive rather than title. |
| Tupi–Guarani | Guaraní | Karai | Kuñakarai | Karai used as a respectful address. |
| Japonic (Ryukyuan) | Okinawan | San / Sama (borrowed) | San / Sama (borrowed) | Japanese honorifics often used in modern contexts. |
| Constructed | Esperanto | Sinjoro | Sinjorino | Esperanto forms modeled after Romance/European patterns. |
| Creole | Haitian Creole | Monsieur / Misye | Madam / Madanm | French influence; Misye/Madanm common. |
| Romani | Romani (various dialects) | Rum (man) / Mister (borrowed) | Zor (woman) / Mrs. (borrowed) | Regional variability; borrowings common. |
| Indo-European (Anatolian — extinct) | Luwian (extinct) | N/A | N/A | Included for family coverage; no living honorifics. |
| Hattic (extinct isolate) | Hattic | N/A | N/A | Historic language, no modern honorifics. |
| Khoisan (Khoe–Kwadi) | Nama (Khoekhoe) | ǁAesa (contextual) | ǁAesasi (contextual) | Click languages with local terms; modern borrowings often used. |
| Macro-Siouan (other branch) | Omaha–Ponca | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Kinship and clan titles preferred. |
| Mixe–Zoque | Mixe | No direct traditional equivalent | No direct traditional equivalent | Mesoamerican family; local terms and Spanish borrowings used. |
| Isolate | Ainu | No traditional equivalent | No traditional equivalent | Listed again for clarity. |
Notes: Where a language had no traditional gendered honorific, the Notes column explains typical modern practices (borrowed forms, kinship-based address, or descriptive words like 'man'/'woman').
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Comments
Comment #3
jdleonardComment #6
bluegeek9 commentedThe name module allows site builders to define a vocabulary for titles.
I am not sure how Mx would be translated.
Three of the seven options are already gender neutral: Dr, Prof, and 'blank'
Is Mx a gender-neutral title or a non-binary gendered title?
Comment #7
jdleonardI would imagine translation would be difficult to languages where there is no established gender-neutral titles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender-neutral_title#Languages lists examples in Japanese and Thai. Unless the Name module is shipping translations, I think we can defer to the consumers of the module to translate or remove any titles they don't wish to use.
I did run the concept of this issue by #diversity-inclusion in Drupal Slack.
Among other gems, Fei wrote:
Further enhancements would be to provide a "do not use title" option (selectable by someone filling out a form exposing the title sub-field) and a write-in option for the title, but I wanted to keep the scope of this change small to facilitate greater inclusion ASAP, especially for consumers of the module that just leave the default set of provided titles as-is. These enhancements could be follow-up issues, but I mention them for context.
Comment #8
bluegeek9 commentedI understand the motivation behind increasing familiarity with gender-neutral titles, but I would question whether a software module is the right vehicle for that goal. Exposure can make something more familiar, but it does not automatically lead to acceptance — people respond to ideas through experience, not repetition alone.
From a practical standpoint, defaults in software are meant to serve the broadest range of users with the least friction. When defaults are used to promote social visibility rather than usability, it can blur the line between function and advocacy. Flexibility already exists for organizations or individuals who wish to add their own titles, without imposing assumptions on everyone else.
In short, it may be wiser to keep defaults focused on clarity and efficiency, leaving social or cultural choices to those implementing the software in their own context.
Comment #9
jdleonard@bluegeek9 I disagree. The motivation here isn't about advocacy or increasing familiarity, but rather about pursuing inclusion, as commonly practiced in the Drupal community.
Someone who uses gender-neutral pronouns installing Name Field and finding their pronouns not being part of the default set is clearly not being included by the Drupal community.
Someone using a site with the Name Field default pronouns (which will typically remain unchanged by the developer / site builder) may be required to choose from a gendered pronoun, is not being included by whatever that community is.
As you say, defaults can be changed by a site builder. If a site builder wishes to make the set of default pronouns less inclusive, they certainly can, but we should endeavor to have the defaults be inclusive.
What harm can come from being more inclusive here?
Comment #10
rubyjiI agree with Fei's comment that it is important to have a gender-neutral option built in. Please include Mx.
Comment #11
sikofittI think it is important to be as inclusive as possible when it comes to titles. Identity is very important. Mx would be an appropriate addition to the defaults.
Comment #12
bluegeek9 commentedInclusion is a worthy goal, but software is a poor place to conduct social experiments. A title field exists to collect information, not to make cultural statements. When defaults are used to advance symbolism, the function is often lost in the gesture.
It’s true that defaults matter — but that is precisely why caution is needed. A default doesn’t merely permit something; it endorses it. Including Mx. “out of the box” subtly promotes a Western, Anglophone understanding of gender and language. Many users around the world do not share that frame of reference. For non-fluent Anglophones, Mx. may resemble a typographical error for 'Mr' or 'Ms', much like the old “manimum” and “miximum” confusion between minimum and maximum. What seems progressive in one context can be perplexing in another.
Site builders who are fluent in English can remove Mx. without difficulty, but the burden falls disproportionately on non-Western, non-English-speaking communities. Drupal has strong multilingual support, yet translation coverage is lowest among the language groups least likely to have established gender-neutral titles. Imposing this default shifts the work to those least positioned to accommodate it, while offering symbolic gain primarily to those most insulated from the consequences. True inclusion is better achieved through flexibility — allowing each community to define titles appropriate to its language, culture, and users.
Comment #13
jdleonardI don't see the proposed changes as "conducting a social experiment", "making a cultural statement", or "advancing symbolism".
Choosing only binary titles is just as much of a "cultural statement" as including a non-binary one, but it is exclusionary by nature.
I agree that "A title field exists to collect information". It exists to collect the title of a person, accurately. If that person's title is not there, they are excluded / othered and the data collected is less complete or less accurate than it could be. It is symbolic of them not being welcome; it is a hostile user experience.
The existing defaults already promote a "Western, Anglophone understanding". There are many languages for which there is no translation of "Mr." or "Mrs." (for example).
The proposed changes correct the defaults to be more modern and inclusive from the start, placing the minor burden of removal on the few who object to it, rather than placing the burden of inclusion on the many who require it.
Comment #14
bluegeek9 commentedI am unable to find evidence from the Drupal ecosystem of other projects using Mx. as an honorific. Introducing it without precedent risks imposing novelty and additional workload on contributors—especially volunteers, many from the very groups your advocacy seeks to support, including those defined by ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, language, (dis)ability, age, religion, or political perspective. Well-intentioned advocacy must account for real-world implementation costs.
The claim that failing to include Mx. constitutes exclusion raises a critical question: if inaction is itself an act, where does it end? If the absence of a single honorific is morally exclusionary, then the omission of every possible honorific in every culture would also constitute exclusion. This reasoning collapses under its own universality, making everyone guilty of every omission. Defaults in software should serve the broadest range of users with minimal friction, not enforce ideological symbolism.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion are outcomes we all support, but achieving them in software is procedural: systems must allow flexibility, empower communities, and enable contribution without coercion. A more sustainable path is to document Mx. as an optional honorific in the README, allowing those who wish to adopt it while preserving usability and fairness for all. Inclusion is meaningful only when it respects both ideals and the practical limitations.
Comment #15
alan d. commentedAs my 2 cents as the original developer.
I spent way to much time looking at naming issues from an international perspective and i18n translation issues by themselves would make this problematic. I would be against the change for that reason alone.
Making simple instructions on how to include this option within the readme would be a welcome addition.
Comment #17
bluegeek9 commentedComment #18
alan d. commentedI'll just note the obvious elephant in the room, you can make titles optional. This avoids having to express that you are uncomfortable using a gender title and some people will read the Mx title with negative cogitations
Removing this from the end user interface completely is probably the most inclusive method.
Titles are old fashioned these days, but honorary titles are still commonplace. The best solution could be to add a non-gendered title formatter option.
I.e. Mr, Ms, Mx, ... get removed, Dr, Prof, .. stay.
Then change the default formatting option to use this. Change rather than adding new options that would clutter the initial list.
No update script to change the default formatter.
Possibly implemented using a new specific taxonomic field, and checking that field during formatting.
Comment #19
jdleonardI like the general idea that alan d. outlined of removing the gendered titles from the default list.
IMO the biggest issue here is the prominence of the gendered titles, which invites exclusion and division. If the default set of titles doesn't include gendered titles, the need to add "Mx." is lessened (and also perhaps the barrier to adding it to a non-default list would be lower).
Comment #20
alan d. commentedOne quick and easy addition would be to add a conditional warning linked to the title component required settings to rise the issue with site builders within the admin UI
This issue predates those around personal identity with relation to gender equality, so maybe something generic like;
I'm sure someone can come up with better wording, but no need to go into specifics.
Either always show, adding a warning class when set to required OR only show with the warning class when the title required field is checked (removing the extra text in the sq brackets). I think I'd prefer the latter if toggling the visibility doesn't cause usability issues with elements moving about.
Maybe link issues to a drupal.org page that covers these in more detail. If there are multiple pages, pick the one for gender equality in that this affects over half of the population and this is fairly non-political nowadays.
Any links in the message should open in a new window/tab.
We can initiate the translation process by adding Mx to the Name module. Mr, Miss and Mx in the above warning message should be inserted individually, which will trigger this. :)
If someone is keen to tackle either task, create a couple new child issues for each.
The only barrier I have to adding Mx is the translation issue. I'd be happy revisiting this once a large majority of Name modules translations support it (>95%).
We can leave this as an open parent issue but postponed until there is enough support.
Comment #21
alan d. commentedI forgot, a third child issue to make a section of the module readme that rises the issue too.
Something like the following.
Change Resources to Honorific Titles and move this section above the maintainers section (that also needs updating, separate issue)
[Edit]
I'm currently on an extended kayaking trip and haven't seen any of the changes done to the module in the last 5 years.
I'm going off a comment suggesting the title options are now only stored in a vocabulary but these use to be in the field settings with the option to use a vocab.
If it is still the same, the wording will need to be adjusted slightly for the field settings warning and readme.
Comment #24
bluegeek9 commented