Moving this problem #1 from #3050502: Found some bugs missing translations by installing Drupal to a new issue so it can be worked on independently
Problem/Motivation
The installer does not correctly detect the browser language for translations making it difficult to install for non English speakers.
Steps to reproduce
Create fresh install of Drupal using installer web interface.

When Starting the Installer The language selection screen still containing english strings. Although the right Language is detected by useing browser detection

When the installer is started after choosing the desired language there are still untranslated strings. In the example above it shows the Installed filter module. The corresponding string in Core for German is translated so there shouldn't be an error. https://localize.drupal.org/translate/languages/de/translate?sid=248264
To make sure that this isn't a fault of translators I changed the username string in core back to English by copying the original string to German translation as you can see here:
Meanwhile, I revoked this to make sure everything it's all right.
So it is proved there are strings even in the installer, not translated since years.
Proposed resolution
The strings "choose language", "Translations will be downloaded from the Drupal Translation website. If you do not want this, select English." and the button "save and continue" should be definitely displayed in the language selected
(for reference the current state applies to 9.4.x-dev still).

Hide/remove the steps in the sidebar for the select language page of the installer. that would reduce the number of strings from 9 to 3 necessary for the first page. But there are several more strings in the installer workflow afterwards that are not shown translated.
step (website install): Initializing., Installed %module module. and Completed @current of @total.
step (configure translation): Initializing.
step (configure website): the selectbox about the timezones is not translated (but hard to spot since only the groups like europe are displayed - correctly translated into german it would be called europa instead)
But the odd part if you search for the aforementioned strings in either /web/sites/default/files/translations/drupal-9.3.0.de.po (for 9.3.0) or /web/sites/default/files/translations/drupal-9.x.de.po (for 9.4.x-dev) the strings can be found in the po file. So they are there and available but just not displayed?
The exception are the three strings from the initial choose language page (but that is a different case imho).
Remaining tasks
User interface changes
Release notes snippet
Issue fork drupal-3311361
Show commands
Start within a Git clone of the project using the version control instructions.
Or, if you do not have SSH keys set up on git.drupalcode.org:
Comments
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