Multiple Failed Payments in PayPal Express Checkout

At least 5 genuine payments have been confirmed to fail so far.

Here is a detailed email sent by the last user:

it seems your Payment system with Paypal is broken, after going
through the process it doesn't seem to save the Billing address and the
payment fails every time no matter what.

Thanks for looking into it, like I said it's most likely something to due
with the way it's grabbing the billing address, as the final confirmation
screen before payment does not contain any billing address info and it has no
way for me to manually enter that data.

The log again just says:

PayPal server response:

Array
(
    [TOKEN] => EC-92V01649CS8775624
    [SUCCESSPAGEREDIRECTREQUESTED] => false
    [TIMESTAMP] => 2018-11-01T23:54:48Z
    [CORRELATIONID] => 7f21aaaa5ce12
    [ACK] => Failure
    [VERSION] => 76.0
    [BUILD] => 49798231
    [L_ERRORCODE0] => 10486
    [L_SHORTMESSAGE0] => This transaction couldn't be completed.
    [L_LONGMESSAGE0] => This transaction couldn't be completed. Please redirect your customer to PayPal.
    [L_SEVERITYCODE0] => Error
)

Just wanted to add that the payments seem to get processed correctly with other cards.

The address issue mentioned by the user above is probably not related as this is paypal express checkout and this online order requires neither billing information nor shipping information.

There is another minor issue with an empty cart on the confirmation page - #3011519: Shopping cart contents empty on confirmation page for anonymous user.
But that seems unrelated as those orders seem to get processed correctly in spite of not being displayed correctly.

Seems to have been because of the card types - possibly because of authentication requirements.

Closing since other payments have since gone through.

Reopening. Too many failed payments.

Could be related to #2939890: Some countries erroneously fail address validation.

Have seen payments failing across the US, Canada and Europe.

But an equal number of payments go through as well so it's been really hard to pinpoint the cause.

About 50% of payments have been failing the last 4 months, including those from users who have paid before.

The logs also show that the payments failed with the error code 10486.
Error code 10486 implies that the payment to PayPal™ was declined by the card-issuing bank.

But several users who have made payments successfully in the past are being declined now.

They even say that its the same card they've used before — and have used on other payment systems — that's being declined.

Given below is a message one of the declined payees received from his bank:

based on your request, we have checked all records on the EMBOSED VISA card.

The transaction did not arrive at Komerční banka for authorization, the transaction was not rejected by us, we were unable to issue feedback on the payment that was not made to the bank for verification.
The payment card is set up correctly for payments over the Internet, fully valid and active. If the client submits all the required data correctly, it is not in our view why the transaction should not take place if for some reason it does not refuse to accept the merchant on its side.

This happens across countries - the US, Canada, Europe etc. It happens on both Express and Standard modules. It's happening with customers who have made payments in the past. It does not seem to be a problem with the merchant account since the same customers are able to send payments directly through paypal. It's only card payments that are being declined. Very puzzling.

Thanks for your help!

This may have been an issue with PayPal inadvertently applying certain account limitations.

The random nature of the problem makes it a bit difficult to pinpoint the exact cause.

The limitations have now been lifted.
Will reopen if the issue persists.

Thanks again!