Compatibility with Layout Paragraphs

I'm not sure if this is related. I use paragraphs on my nodes and not a body field. I had the same result of your screenshot of the UI. I can't readily check the console because I've already implemented my workaround.

On the manage form display of the node, I noticed that you need to select the field used to populate the meta description. Paragraphs isn't an option. This makes sense because they're so customisable, how would it know what to use.

So, I added the body field back and it worked again. If you then hide that field from the form, it breaks again. So I'm going to just visibly hide it using CSS as a workaround.

I also applied the patch in this issue using the plain .diff for the merge request : https://www.drupal.org/project/yoast_seo/issues/3362165

I hope this workaround helps for now. I'm not sure if it's possible to create an actual fix.