Unable to save a translation if the path alias changes with content moderation [#2930770]

Problem/Motivation

This is a bit of a complex bug I'm encountering. It involves 3 core modules and Pathauto.

The problem is that a translation of an entity cannot be saved if the path alias differs from the published original language version.

To reproduce:

1) Create a node type.
2) Add a content moderation workflow to it.
3) Add another language to your site.
4) Enable content translations on that node.
5) Add a pathauto pattern to the node that contains the title.
6) Create an English version of the node.
7) Publish the node through the workflow.
8) Add a translation of that node. Change the title.
9) Save the node (as a draft or other unpublished state ).
10) Edit the node again and try to save again (as a draft or other unpublished state - I'm not sure why you can save it once but not a second time).

Form error: "You can only change the URL alias for the published version of this content."

I filed this as a core bug (#2930599: Unable to save a translation if the path alias changes) originally but it does not seem to be a core issue. It very well could be though.