Translations of taxonomy vocabulary not shown on admin overview

I'm attaching a patch similar to the one on https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/2872646#comment-12054660 to show translated taxonomy vocabularies on admin UI.

This was an explicit choice, see #2136559: Config entity admin lists show configuration with overrides (eg. localized). So this needs at the very least some more discussion on how to resolve the issues that were fixed there.

But this is no longer the case, when I click edit, I ("obviously") go to the localized edit form.

Actually that's not true. Reading that comment over there I think you might be confusing config translation and content translation. The content language page and language fallbacks do not apply to config translation and for config translation you also don't see the "translated" edit form, but always get the edit form in the untranslated form.

Well, you can say that it should be that way, but that's arguable. What's more important is that that's actually not the normal behavior in core. You'll need to provide more explicit steps to reproduce. Maybe it is some contrib module that is altering this behavior. But without some explicit steps to reproduce you're situation we cannot move forward here.

The steps in #11 refer to menus. This issue is about taxonomy. Also see the most recent comment #18 on #2872646-18: Menu overview always shows the untranslated config entities for why this is a bad idea to change for menus; the same applies to taxonomy:
- If you are on the Taxonomy (or menu) overview page, and click Edit, you will be editing the base version of that vocabulary (the base language).
- Therefore, the taxonomy overview page should show the base version of the vocabulary, not a localized version.

The menu related issue is closed as won't fix. See #2872646-19: Menu overview always shows the untranslated config entities. The same applies here.

If the decision above does not fit your use case and you do not want to alter core you can add the following into a custom module to override the default behaviour.

use Drupal\taxonomy\Entity\Vocabulary;

/**
 * Implements hook_form_alter().
 *
 * Force taxonomy overview (/admin/structure/taxonomy) to display vocabularies
 * in current interface language.
 */
function CUSTOM_MODULE_NAME_form_taxonomy_overview_vocabularies_alter(&$form, $form_state, $form_id) {
  foreach ($form['vocabularies'] as $key => $vocabArr) {
    if (substr($key, 0, 1) != '#') {
      $vocabEntity = Vocabulary::load($key);
      $form['vocabularies'][$key]['label']['#markup'] = $vocabEntity->get('name');
      $form['vocabularies'][$key]['description']['data']['#markup'] = $vocabEntity->get('description');
    }
  }
}

You have to enable Content Translation module, and select taxonomy vocabularies you want to be translated, and you will see translation buttons in every single fields/terms

Ref. #3281219: Loading config overrides (e.g. translations) in listings should be configurable