Ok,
I've been all over the place looking at WSOD documentation and haven't found the one that matches this situation.
I have multiple Drupal installs on different systems.
1) 7.34 on Ubuntu 14.04.1 on my system at home (running on pretty old hardware). This installation works just fine.
2) 7.34 on Ubuntu 14.04.1 at work on new HP server-class equipment multi-processor and plenty of memory. I have two instances of Drupal running on this and they both are reacting in a similar painful fashion (one is running OpenAtrium, the second was a test vanilla install of Drupal to see if it was OA causing the problem, alas it is not).
Both systems (1 & 2) seem to be configured generally the same in terms of permissions on directories, versions of MySQL, Ubuntu, Drupal, etc... However, system #2 will not allow me to upload/install themes or modules through the administration site. I go to the appearance page, click the install new theme, and regardless of the install method (from url or upload archive), when I click the install button, the pop-up page disappears and the install page re-appears as a regular page with blank fields. At this point, the file has been uploaded to the temporary directory as defined in the settings, but has not been installed to the site. If I re-populate the install fields and click the install button again, it immediately takes me to a WSOD (blank page, nothing on it) with a URL of "http://mydomain.blah.blah/?q=admin%2Fappearance%2Finstall&". NO errors are reported. I have already enabled the error reporting using the following in my index.php page:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', TRUE);
ini_set('display_startup_errors', TRUE);
Again, no errors reported on the page, and none reported in the error logs (neither the apache error log, nor the site-specific error log). This happens in both IE and Chrome. I've tried clearing cache with drush and nothing there. I've looked at the watchdog log with drush, nothing there. This is really frustrating me when I've been able to verify the files are uploaded, but some other process is not completing and the drupal install is not reporting back any errors. Looking at the developer console on the WSOD, the code for the page is literally "".
I can install themes and modules manually, but this is affecting other functions like updates as well. It is very inefficient and painful to install the updates manually as well as themes and modules. Plus, I have a system that works fine which makes it even more painful to have to work with one that does not work the way it is expected.

Comments

bsmith@fujimico.com’s picture

Had found that there were 2 directories being created in the temp folder (update-cache-____ & update-extraction-____). The tar.gz file was being downloaded to the update-cache-___ folder, but nothing was in the update-extraction-____ folder. Determined that the tar.gz file downloaded to the cache folder was valid and could be manually extracted. Determined that the ZIP files worked just fine from the web install.
Found the following discussion and tried the fix referenced here for the system.tar.inc file in the drupal/modules/system/ folder.
This references that gzlib is missing gzopen on some systems and that the drupal install can't handle the difference between gzopen and gzopen64.
Thanks to malc_b for the below.
https://www.drupal.org/node/2281195#comment-9109483
The fix is edit system.tar.inc to add, after

define ('ARCHIVE_TAR_ATT_SEPARATOR', 90001);
define ('ARCHIVE_TAR_END_BLOCK', pack("a512", ''));

these lines to system.tar.inc

if (!function_exists('gzopen') && function_exists('gzopen64')) {
    function gzopen($filename, $mode, $use_include_path = 0)
    {
        return(gzopen64($filename, $mode, $use_include_path));
    }
}
if (!function_exists('gztell') && function_exists('gztell64')) {
    function gztell($zp)
    {
        return(gztell64($zp));
    }
}


if (!function_exists('gzseek') && function_exists('gzseek64')) {
    function gzseek($zp, $offset, $whence = SEEK_SET)
    {
        return(gzseek64($zp, $offset, $whence));
    }
}