Building a virtual web development stack.

Ah, this is old. Here my latest revision.

============================== (V)irtual (W)eb (D)evelopment (S)tack for (W)indows  ==============================
VWDSW is powered by Debian, Drupal 7, Omega 4 and many free open sources softwares.

======================== What is this ? ========================
This is a guide for Windows users (beginners or advanced users) who wants to build a virtual web development stack, quickly and without all the hassle.

======================== Software Requirement ========================
- Windows XP/7/8*
- Any virtualization software (VMware Player, VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, etc)
- Debian** or any Unix/Linux distro

Download link : http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/amd64/iso-cd/debian-7.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso

* For best performance, it is recommanded to use x64 bits version with at least 4Gb of RAM and a processor with Intel (VT-x) or AMD (AMD-V).
** Debian Network install from a minimal CD (debian-7.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso) is used in this tutorial, you may need to edit some steps if you choose another Debian version or another Unix/Linux distro.

======================== Knowledge Requirement ========================
- Using a Unix/Linux Terminal
- Drupal 7
- HTML/CSS

======================== Terminology & Documentations ========================
# Debian : Operating System
Website : http://www.debian.org
Documentaton : http://www.debian.org/doc/

# GNOME : a desktop environment used by default on Debian
GNOME include many programs, as a web developer you are interested in :
   - GNOME Terminal (terminal emulator)
   - gedit (text editor), you could always install another text editor
   - Iceweasel (web browser), it's a fork of Firefox
Website : http://www.gnome.org/
Documentaton : https://help.gnome.org/

# LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) : combination of free, open source softwares.
Documentation : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_%28software_bundle%29

# MySQL : Database server
Website : http://www.mysql.com/
Documentation : http://dev.mysql.com/doc/

# Apache2 : HTTP server
Website : http://httpd.apache.org/
Documentation : http://httpd.apache.org/docs/

# PHP : A scripting language
Website : http://www.php.net/
Documentation : http://www.php.net/docs.php

# phpMyAdmin : Administration of MySQL over the Web
Website : http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/
Documentation : http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/docs.php

# PECL uploadprogress : A PHP An extension to track progress of a file upload
Website : http://pecl.php.net/package/uploadprogress

# cURL : Command line tool for getting or sending files using URL syntax.
Website : http://curl.haxx.se/
Documentation : http://curl.haxx.se/docs/

# RVM : Command line tool which allows you to easily install, manage, and work with multiple ruby environments from interpreters to sets of gems.
Website : https://rvm.io/

# Ruby : A dynamic programming language
Website : http://www.ruby-lang.org/
Documentation : http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/

# Drush	: Command line shell and scripting interface for Drupal
Website : https://github.com/drush-ops/drush/
Documentation : http://www.drush.org/

# Drupal : Open-source content management framework
Website : https://drupal.org/
Documentation : https://drupal.org/documentation
Documentation : https://drupal.org/glossary

# Omega : Base Theme Framework
Website : https://drupal.org/project/omega/
Documentation : ?????

# Compass : CSS Authoring Framework
Website : http://compass-style.org/
Documentation : http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/

# Sass : Extension of CSS3
Website : http://sass-lang.com/
Documentation : http://sass-lang.com/docs.html

# Susy : Responsive grids for Compass
Website : http://susy.oddbird.net/
Documentation : http://susy.oddbird.net/guides/reference/

# Guard LiveReload : Automatically reload your browser when 'view' files are modified.
Website : https://github.com/guard/guard-livereload
Documentation : https://github.com/guard/guard#IMPORTANT
		     			
# Clean URL : URLs that do not contain a query string
Documentation : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_URL 

======================== Installation ========================
1) Create a Virtual Machine
## Configuration
- Processor : 1 core or more
- Memory : 512 Mb or more
- Hard Disk : 10 Gb or more
- Network Adapter : NAT
## Before starting, enable the following options if your hardware support them.
- VT-x/AMD-V *
- 3D Graphics / 3D Acceleration **
* If your processor support it, you should enable for better performance.
** GNOME 3 require 3D acceleration for a full experience. If not enabled, it will run in fallback mode (see : https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/3.3/fallback-mode.html.en). 

2) Install Debian
## Start the virtual machine.
## Choose and mount "debian-7.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso" when asked.
## Now it should boot to "debian-7.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso", choose "Install" or "Graphical Install" then follow instructions.
## Login to Debian.

#################### IMPORTANT ####################
Be careful, you MUST always install packages and edit files as root user.
#################### IMPORTANT ####################

3) Update your system
aptitude update && aptitude upgrade

4) Install MySQL
aptitude install mysql-server mysql-client -y

5) Install Apache2
aptitude install apache2 apache2-doc -y
## Apache2 should display "It works!" at http://localhost
## to test, type "iceweasel localhost"

5a) Fix Apache2 Error "Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName"
echo "ServerName localhost" | tee /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn
service apache2 restart

5b) Configuring clean URLs
## enable mod_rewrite
a2enmod rewrite
ls -al /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/rewrite.load
## edit apache2 "default" file
nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
- Replace every occurrence of "AllowOverride None" with"AllowOverride all". There should be 3 of them.
## restarting Apache2
service apache2 restart
## enable clean URL
iceweasel http://localhost/drupal/?q=admin/config/search/clean-urls
- Check "Enable clean URLs" then Save

6) Install PHP5
aptitude install php5 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5 -y

7) Install phpMyAdmin
aptitude install phpmyadmin -y
## choose apache2 when asked
## configure passwords
## phpMyAdmin will be available at http://localhost/phpmyadmin
## to test, type "iceweasel localhost/phpmyadmin"

8) Install PECL uploadprogress
## install dependencies
aptitude install make php5-dev php-pear -y
## install uploadprogress
pecl install uploadprogress -y
## add "extension=uploadprogress.so" to php.ini
echo "extension=uploadprogress.so" >> /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
## restart Apache2
service apache2 restart

9) Install cURL
aptitude install curl -y

10) Integrating RVM with GNOME Terminal (see : http://rvm.io/integration/gnome-terminal)
- go to "Edit" > "Profile Preferences" > "Title and Command"
- check "Run command as a login shell"
- close Terminal
- open a Terminal

11) Install RVM with latest Ruby stable release
\curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
## load RVM
source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm

12) Install Ruby 1.9.3
rvm install 1.9.3
## check current rvm version, it should return "ruby-2.0.0-p247" or higher
rvm current
## set ruby 1.9.3 as default
rvm use 1.9.3 --default
## close Terminal
## open a new Terminal

13) Install Drush
aptitude install drush -y

14) Install Drupal
## create a database with phpMyAdmin, UTF-8 encoding (exemple : utf8_general_ci)
iceweasel localhost/phpmyadmin
## go to Apache2 folder
cd /var/www
## download Drupal
drush dl drupal
## renaming Drupal folder
mv /var/www/drupal-* /var/www/drupal
## creating "settings.php" configuration file
cp /var/www/drupal/sites/default/default.settings.php /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
## make "settings.php" writeable
chmod 666 /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
## creating "files" and "private" folders
mkdir /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files
mkdir /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files/private
## add permissions to "files" and "private" folders
chown -R www-data /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files
chmod -R 0700 /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files
## run the installation script (see : https://drupal.org/documentation/install/run-script)
iceweasel localhost/drupal
## after installation, change "settings.php" permissions
chmod 644 /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

15) Install Omega
cd /var/www/drupal
drush dl omega

16) Create an Omega subtheme
cd /var/www/drupal
## clear cache, so omega drush commands will works
drush cc all
## launch a wizard for generating a subtheme, for this guide my subtheme name will be "mysupertheme"
drush owiz

17) install "mysupertheme" dependencies
cd /var/www/drupal/sites/all/themes/mysupertheme
bundle install
# If "bundle install" command is not found, you will need to load RVM "source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm".
# You will need to run "bundle install" for each new subtheme, if any.

========================  How to use Omega ========================

#################### IMPORTANT ####################
- Next commands will only works AFTER "bundle install" and IN the related subtheme.
- Be careful, you must use a root terminal to run "compass" or "drush ogrd" commands.
- If you want to use your user account, you must change permissions to your subtheme (NEVER do that on a production server).
exemple : chmod -R 777 /var/www/drupal/sites/all/themes/mysupertheme
- If a command is not found, you will need to load RVM "source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm". It should now always works as a user, but you must load it after each reboot for root user (should we/how to fix it ??????)
#################### IMPORTANT ####################

## Method 1 (basic) : Compile Sass stylesheets to CSS (one time)
cd /var/www/drupal/sites/all/themes/mysupertheme
compass compile

## Method 2 (better) : Compile Sass stylesheets to CSS when they change (always in "real time")
cd /var/www/drupal/sites/all/themes/mysupertheme
compass watch

## Method 3 (best) : Guard script, it is configured for :
## 1) Compile on start with compass, then watch.
## 2) Running Guard LiveReload.
cd /var/www/drupal
drush ogrd
- choose your subtheme

## Open a text editor and be creative !
gedit -b /var/www/drupal/sites/all/themes/mysupertheme/sass/mysupertheme.styles.scss

======================== Logins & Passwords  ========================
## this is a template
## account_type : account_name / account_password
Debian root : root / debian
Debian user : omega / omega

ubuntu-mysql
ubuntu / ubuntu
MySQL : root / mysql
Drupal : admin / admin

======================== Drush Commands ========================
drush status	Provides a birds-eye view of the current Drupal installation, if any.
drush help 	Drush provides an extensive help system that describes both drush commands and topics of general interest. 
drush dl	Download projects from drupal.org or other sources (exemple : drush dl omega).
drush en	Enable one or more extensions (exemple : drush en omega).
drush dis	Disable one or more extensions (exemple : drush dis omega).
drush pml	Show a list of available extensions (modules and themes). If you only want to list core modules use "drush pml --no-core".
drush pmi	Show detailed info for one or more extensions (modules or themes).
drush upc	Update Drupal core and contrib projects.  
drush updb	Apply any database updates required.   
drush up	Update Drupal core and contrib projects and apply any pending database updates.
drush cc all	Clear all drupal caches (drush, theme-registry, menu, css-js, block, module-list, theme-list, registry).
drush sa	Print site alias records for all known site aliases and local sites.     
drush upwd	(Re)Set the password for the user account with the specified name (exemple, admin account password will be reset to "foo" : drush upwd admin --password=foo)
drush oexp	Exports the theme settings of a given theme from the database to the .info file.
drush ogrd	Runs guard for the given theme including Compass and LiveReload by default.
drush orev	Reverts the theme settings of a given theme by deleting them from the database.
drush owiz	Guides you through a wizard for generating a subtheme.  

============================== End  ==============================