Installing without English language leads to Fatal Error

What:

Fatal error: Call to a member function get() on a non-object in /media/Projekt/Drupal/drupal/core/includes/bootstrap.inc on line 893

Stack trace:
1. {main}() .../core/install.php:0
2. install_drupal($settings = *uninitialized*) .../core/install.php:36
3. install_begin_request($install_state = *uninitialized*) .../core/includes/install.core.inc:82
4. install_verify_database_settings() .../core/includes/install.core.inc:300
5. install_database_errors($database = *uninitialized*, $settings_file = *uninitialized*) .../core/includes/install.core.inc:931
6. db_run_tasks($driver = *uninitialized*) .../core/includes/install.core.inc:1059
7. Drupal\\Core\\Database\\Install\\Tasks->runTasks() .../core/includes/install.inc:943
8. call_user_func_array(*uninitialized*, *uninitialized*) .../core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Install/Tasks.php:136
9. Drupal\\Core\\Database\\Install\\Tasks->runTestQuery($query = *uninitialized*, $pass = *uninitialized*, $fail = *uninitialized*, $fatal = *uninitialized*) .../core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Install/Tasks.php:0
10. st($string = *uninitialized*, $args = *uninitialized*, $options = *uninitialized*) .../core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Install/Tasks.php:182
11. drupal_get_path($type = *uninitialized*, $name = *uninitialized*) .../core/includes/install.inc:750
12. drupal_get_filename($type = *uninitialized*, $name = *uninitialized*, $filename = *uninitialized*) .../core/includes/common.inc:2363

When/Where/Why:

Submission of second installation step, after picking any non-English language Drupal has auto-detected and offers to install.
The installation code attempts to check that a database has been set up and is configured with the correct permissions.
The installation task reports a runTestQuery() pass or fail using a translatable string, passing it via st().
Then st() detects that $install_state['parameters']['langcode'] has been set, installs the appropriate language and attempts to register the locale classes.
To do that it needs the path to the locale module, so it invokes drupal_get_path(), and ends up calling drupal_get_filename().
That function was changed in #1331486-249: Move module_invoke_*() and friends to an Extensions class to utilize drupal_container()->get('module_handler')->getModuleList();.

At this stage, the Drupal Kernel hasn't yet booted - which only happens once the database is verified to be up - and drupal_container() returns null.

Consequence:

Drupal cannot be installed with any language other than English.

Fix:

The function drupal_get_filename() already contains a check which makes sure drupal_container() returns something useful before trying to use other services.
Let's move the module list lookup inside that check. See patch in comment.

Other notes:

This problem is not caught by the testbot because it only performs a real installation using English. Would it be possible to set up a non-English? (Randomized language?)
I found no way to reproduce the exact same situation using regular tests, since the static in drupal_container() can't be reset back to null. One could perhaps temporarily replace the keyvalue service with FALSE instead, to make the second check on the same line in drupal_get_filename() fail and make it fall through to scanning the filesystem directlty. That would however miss the point of there being no container at all at that stage.