diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/AjaxRenderer.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/AjaxRenderer.php
index 0a1b993..b61d858 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/AjaxRenderer.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/AjaxRenderer.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Ajax\InsertCommand;
 use Drupal\Core\Ajax\PrependCommand;
 use Drupal\Core\Render\ElementInfoManagerInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatchInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
 
@@ -30,13 +31,23 @@ class AjaxRenderer implements MainContentRendererInterface {
   protected $elementInfoManager;
 
   /**
+   * The renderer.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface
+   */
+  protected $renderer;
+
+  /**
    * Constructs a new AjaxRenderer instance.
    *
    * @param \Drupal\Core\Render\ElementInfoManagerInterface $element_info_manager
    *   The element info manager.
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface $renderer
+   *   The renderer.
    */
-  public function __construct(ElementInfoManagerInterface $element_info_manager) {
+  public function __construct(ElementInfoManagerInterface $element_info_manager, RendererInterface $renderer) {
     $this->elementInfoManager = $element_info_manager;
+    $this->renderer = $renderer;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -75,12 +86,12 @@ public function renderResponse(array $main_content, Request $request, RouteMatch
   }
 
   /**
-   * Wraps drupal_render_root().
+   * Wraps renderRoot().
    *
    * @todo Remove as part of https://www.drupal.org/node/2182149.
    */
   protected function drupalRenderRoot(&$elements) {
-    return drupal_render_root($elements);
+    return $this->renderer->renderRoot($elements);
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/DialogRenderer.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/DialogRenderer.php
index c71604b..23478f4 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/DialogRenderer.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/DialogRenderer.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Ajax\OpenDialogCommand;
 use Drupal\Core\Controller\TitleResolverInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatchInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
 
 /**
@@ -22,13 +23,23 @@ class DialogRenderer implements MainContentRendererInterface {
   protected $titleResolver;
 
   /**
+   * The renderer.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface
+   */
+  protected $renderer;
+
+  /**
    * Constructs a new DialogRenderer.
    *
    * @param \Drupal\Core\Controller\TitleResolverInterface $title_resolver
    *   The title resolver.
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface $renderer
+   *   The renderer.
    */
-  public function __construct(TitleResolverInterface $title_resolver) {
+  public function __construct(TitleResolverInterface $title_resolver, RendererInterface $renderer) {
     $this->titleResolver = $title_resolver;
+    $this->renderer = $renderer;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -38,7 +49,7 @@ public function renderResponse(array $main_content, Request $request, RouteMatch
     $response = new AjaxResponse();
 
     // First render the main content, because it might provide a title.
-    $content = drupal_render_root($main_content);
+    $content = $this->renderer->renderRoot($main_content);
 
     // Attach the library necessary for using the OpenDialogCommand and set the
     // attachments for this Ajax response.
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/ModalRenderer.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/ModalRenderer.php
index fcb38e2..b0ac29b 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/ModalRenderer.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/ModalRenderer.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Ajax\OpenModalDialogCommand;
 use Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatchInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
+use Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface;
 
 /**
  * Default main content renderer for modal dialog requests.
@@ -13,13 +14,30 @@
 class ModalRenderer extends DialogRenderer {
 
   /**
+   * The renderer.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface
+   */
+  protected $renderer;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new ModalRenderer.
+   *
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface $renderer
+   *   The renderer.
+   */
+  public function __construct(RendererInterface $renderer) {
+    $this->renderer = $renderer;
+  }
+
+  /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function renderResponse(array $main_content, Request $request, RouteMatchInterface $route_match) {
     $response = new AjaxResponse();
 
     // First render the main content, because it might provide a title.
-    $content = drupal_render_root($main_content);
+    $content = $this->renderer->renderRoot($main_content);
 
     // Attach the library necessary for using the OpenModalDialogCommand and set
     // the attachments for this Ajax response.
diff --git a/core/modules/filter/tests/src/Kernel/FilterAPITest.php b/core/modules/filter/tests/src/Kernel/FilterAPITest.php
index 50189a6..9901dae 100644
--- a/core/modules/filter/tests/src/Kernel/FilterAPITest.php
+++ b/core/modules/filter/tests/src/Kernel/FilterAPITest.php
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ function testProcessedTextElement() {
       '#text' => '<p>Hello, world!</p>',
       '#format' => 'element_test',
     );
-    drupal_render_root($build);
+    \Drupal::service('renderer')->renderRoot($build);
 
     // Verify the attachments and cacheability metadata.
     $expected_attachments = array(
diff --git a/core/modules/rest/src/Tests/Views/StyleSerializerTest.php b/core/modules/rest/src/Tests/Views/StyleSerializerTest.php
index 4c004fc..580eac6 100644
--- a/core/modules/rest/src/Tests/Views/StyleSerializerTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/rest/src/Tests/Views/StyleSerializerTest.php
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public function testSerializerResponses() {
     // Mock the request content type by setting it on the display handler.
     $view->display_handler->setContentType('json');
     $output = $view->preview();
-    $this->assertIdentical($actual_json, (string) drupal_render_root($output), 'The expected JSON preview output was found.');
+    $this->assertIdentical($actual_json, (string) \Drupal::service('renderer')->renderRoot($output), 'The expected JSON preview output was found.');
 
     // Test a 403 callback.
     $this->drupalGet('test/serialize/denied');
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Common/RenderWebTest.php b/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Common/RenderWebTest.php
index fde7fa6..21b0d31 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Common/RenderWebTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Common/RenderWebTest.php
@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@ function testDrupalRenderFormElements() {
    */
   protected function assertRenderedElement(array $element, $xpath, array $xpath_args = array()) {
     $original_element = $element;
-    $this->setRawContent(drupal_render_root($element));
+    $renderer = \Drupal::service('renderer')->renderRoot($element);
+    $this->setRawContent($renderer);
     $this->verbose('<hr />' . $this->getRawContent());
 
     // @see \Drupal\simpletest\WebTestBase::xpath()
diff --git a/core/modules/views/src/Plugin/views/display/Feed.php b/core/modules/views/src/Plugin/views/display/Feed.php
index bd59091..a339ec1 100644
--- a/core/modules/views/src/Plugin/views/display/Feed.php
+++ b/core/modules/views/src/Plugin/views/display/Feed.php
@@ -88,11 +88,12 @@ public function execute() {
    */
   public function preview() {
     $output = $this->view->render();
+    $renderer = \Drupal::service('renderer');
 
     if (!empty($this->view->live_preview)) {
       $output = array(
         '#prefix' => '<pre>',
-        '#plain_text' => drupal_render_root($output),
+        '#plain_text' => $renderer->renderRoot($output),
         '#suffix' => '</pre>',
       );
     }