core/modules/big_pipe/src/Tests/BigPipeTest.php    | 17 ++++++++++-
 .../big_pipe_test/src/BigPipeTestController.php    | 34 +++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/modules/big_pipe/src/Tests/BigPipeTest.php b/core/modules/big_pipe/src/Tests/BigPipeTest.php
index 32eb4df..370b815 100644
--- a/core/modules/big_pipe/src/Tests/BigPipeTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/big_pipe/src/Tests/BigPipeTest.php
@@ -284,10 +284,25 @@ public function testBigPipeMultiOccurrencePlaceholders() {
     // @see performMetaRefresh()
 
     $this->drupalGet(Url::fromRoute('big_pipe_test_multi_occurrence'));
-    $big_pipe_placeholder_id = 'callback=Drupal%5Cbig_pipe_test%5CBigPipeTestController%3A%3AplaceholderContent&args[0]=awesome&token=d13e3d6c';
+    $big_pipe_placeholder_id = 'callback=Drupal%5CCore%5CRender%5CElement%5CStatusMessages%3A%3ArenderMessages&args[0]&token=a8c34b5e';
     $expected_placeholder_replacement = '<script type="application/vnd.drupal-ajax" data-big-pipe-replacement-for-placeholder-with-id="' . $big_pipe_placeholder_id . '">';
+    $this->assertRaw('The count is 1.');
+    $this->assertNoRaw('The count is 2.');
+    $this->assertNoRaw('The count is 3.');
     $raw_content = $this->getRawContent();
     $this->assertTrue(substr_count($raw_content, $expected_placeholder_replacement) == 1, 'Only one placeholder replacement was found for the duplicate #lazy_builder arrays.');
+
+    // By calling performMetaRefresh() here, we simulate JavaScript being
+    // disabled, because as far as the BigPipe module is concerned, it is
+    // enabled in the browser when the BigPipe no-JS cookie is set.
+    // @see setUp()
+    // @see performMetaRefresh()
+    $this->performMetaRefresh();
+    $this->assertBigPipeNoJsCookieExists(TRUE);
+    $this->drupalGet(Url::fromRoute('big_pipe_test_multi_occurrence'));
+    $this->assertRaw('The count is 1.');
+    $this->assertNoRaw('The count is 2.');
+    $this->assertNoRaw('The count is 3.');
   }
 
   protected function assertBigPipeResponseHeadersPresent() {
diff --git a/core/modules/big_pipe/tests/modules/big_pipe_test/src/BigPipeTestController.php b/core/modules/big_pipe/tests/modules/big_pipe_test/src/BigPipeTestController.php
index c4d545e..5e07d07 100644
--- a/core/modules/big_pipe/tests/modules/big_pipe_test/src/BigPipeTestController.php
+++ b/core/modules/big_pipe/tests/modules/big_pipe_test/src/BigPipeTestController.php
@@ -60,18 +60,17 @@ public static function nope() {
    * @return array
    */
   public function multiOccurrence() {
-    $adjective = 'awesome';
     return [
       'item1' => [
-        '#lazy_builder' => [static::class . '::placeholderContent', [$adjective]],
+        '#lazy_builder' => [static::class . '::counter', []],
         '#create_placeholder' => TRUE,
       ],
       'item2' => [
-        '#lazy_builder' => [static::class . '::placeholderContent', [$adjective]],
+        '#lazy_builder' => [static::class . '::counter', []],
         '#create_placeholder' => TRUE,
       ],
       'item3' => [
-        '#lazy_builder' => [static::class . '::placeholderContent', [$adjective]],
+        '#lazy_builder' => [static::class . '::counter', []],
         '#create_placeholder' => TRUE,
       ],
     ];
@@ -139,4 +138,31 @@ public static function placeholderContent($adjective) {
     ];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * #lazy_builder callback; returns the current count.
+   *
+   * @see \Drupal\big_pipe\Tests\BigPipeTest::testBigPipeMultipleOccurrencePlaceholders()
+   *
+   * @return array
+   *   The render array.
+   */
+  public static function counter() {
+    // Lazy builders are not allowed to build their own state like this function
+    // does, but in this case we're intentionally doing that for testing
+    // purposes: so we can ensure that each lazy builder is only ever called
+    // once with the same parameters.
+    static $count;
+
+    if (!isset($count)) {
+      $count = 0;
+    }
+
+    $count++;
+
+    return [
+      '#markup' => BigPipeMarkup::create("<p>The count is $count.</p>"),
+      '#cache' => ['max-age' => 0],
+    ];
+  }
+
 }