diff -u b/core/modules/file/file.module b/core/modules/file/file.module
--- b/core/modules/file/file.module
+++ b/core/modules/file/file.module
@@ -834,19 +834,7 @@
     if (substr($destination, -1) != '/') {
       $destination .= '/';
     }
-
-    // Transliterate and sanitize the destination filename.
-    $clean_filename = \Drupal::transliteration()->transliterate($file->getFilename(), 'en', '');
-    // Replace whitespace.
-    $clean_filename = str_replace(' ', '_', $clean_filename);
-    // Remove remaining unsafe characters.
-    $clean_filename = preg_replace('![^0-9A-Za-z_.-]!', '', $clean_filename);
-    // Remove multiple consecutive non-alphabetical characters.
-    $clean_filename = preg_replace('/(_)_+|(\.)\.+|(-)-+/', '\\1\\2\\3', $clean_filename);
-    // Force lowercase to prevent issues on case-insensitive file systems.
-    $clean_filename = strtolower($clean_filename);
-
-    $file->destination = file_destination($destination . $clean_filename, $replace);
+    $file->destination = file_destination($destination . $file->getFilename(), $replace);
     // If file_destination() returns FALSE then $replace === FILE_EXISTS_ERROR and
     // there's an existing file so we need to bail.
     if ($file->destination === FALSE) {
@@ -854,7 +842,28 @@
     if (substr($destination, -1) != '/') {
       $destination .= '/';
     }
-    $file->destination = file_destination($destination . $file->getFilename(), $replace);
+
+    // If the transliteration option is enabled, transliterate the filename.
+    if (\Drupal::config('system.file')->get('filename_transliteration')) {
+      $langcode = \Drupal::languageManager()->getCurrentLanguage()->getId();
+
+      // Transliterate and sanitize the destination filename.
+      $filename = \Drupal::transliteration()->transliterate($file->getFilename(), $langcode, '');
+
+      // Replace whitespace.
+      $filename = str_replace(' ', '_', $filename);
+      // Remove remaining unsafe characters.
+      $filename = preg_replace('![^0-9A-Za-z_.-]!', '', $filename);
+      // Remove multiple consecutive non-alphabetical characters.
+      $filename = preg_replace('/(_)_+|(\.)\.+|(-)-+/', '\\1\\2\\3', $filename);
+      // Force lowercase to prevent issues on case-insensitive file systems.
+      $filename = Unicode::strtolower($filename);
+    }
+    else {
+      $filename = $file->getFilename();
+    }
+
+    $file->destination = file_destination($destination . $filename, $replace);
     // If file_destination() returns FALSE then $replace === FILE_EXISTS_ERROR and
     // there's an existing file so we need to bail.
     if ($file->destination === FALSE) {
only in patch2:
unchanged:
--- a/core/modules/system/config/install/system.file.yml
+++ b/core/modules/system/config/install/system.file.yml
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ default_scheme: 'public'
 path:
   temporary: ''
 temporary_maximum_age: 21600
+filename_transliteration: false
only in patch2:
unchanged:
--- a/core/modules/system/config/schema/system.schema.yml
+++ b/core/modules/system/config/schema/system.schema.yml
@@ -282,6 +282,9 @@ system.file:
     temporary_maximum_age:
       type: integer
       label: 'Maximum age for temporary files'
+    filename_transliteration:
+      type: boolean
+      label: 'Transliterate names of uploaded files'
 
 system.image:
   type: config_object
only in patch2:
unchanged:
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Form/FileSystemForm.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Form/FileSystemForm.php
@@ -131,6 +131,13 @@ public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
       '#description' => t('Orphaned files are not referenced from any content but remain in the file system and may appear in administrative listings. <strong>Warning:</strong> If enabled, orphaned files will be permanently deleted and may not be recoverable.'),
     );
 
+    $form['filename_transliteration'] = array(
+      '#type' => 'checkbox',
+      '#title' => t('Enable filename transliteration'),
+      '#default_value' => $config->get('filename_transliteration'),
+      '#description' => t('Check if transliteration should be enabled for uploaded filenames.'),
+    );
+
     return parent::buildForm($form, $form_state);
   }
 
@@ -140,7 +147,8 @@ public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
   public function submitForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
     $config = $this->config('system.file')
       ->set('path.temporary', $form_state->getValue('file_temporary_path'))
-      ->set('temporary_maximum_age', $form_state->getValue('temporary_maximum_age'));
+      ->set('temporary_maximum_age', $form_state->getValue('temporary_maximum_age'))
+      ->set('filename_transliteration', $form_state->getValue('filename_transliteration'));
 
     if ($form_state->hasValue('file_default_scheme')) {
       $config->set('default_scheme', $form_state->getValue('file_default_scheme'));