diff --git a/core/core.services.yml b/core/core.services.yml
index 0fe0a7f..652ad65 100644
--- a/core/core.services.yml
+++ b/core/core.services.yml
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ services:
       - { name: event_subscriber }
   main_content_renderer.html:
     class: Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer
-    arguments: ['@title_resolver', '@plugin.manager.display_variant', '@event_dispatcher', '@module_handler', '@renderer', '@render_cache']
+    arguments: ['@title_resolver', '@plugin.manager.display_variant', '@event_dispatcher', '@module_handler', '@renderer', '@render_cache', '@render_strategy_manager']
     tags:
       - { name: render.main_content_renderer, format: html }
   main_content_renderer.ajax:
@@ -1392,6 +1392,17 @@ services:
   renderer:
     class: Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer
     arguments: ['@controller_resolver', '@theme.manager', '@plugin.manager.element_info', '@render_cache', '%renderer.config%']
+  # Render strategies for rendering placeholders.
+  render_strategy_manager:
+    class: Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyManager
+    arguments: ['@renderer']
+    tags:
+      - { name: service_collector, tag: render_strategy, call: addRenderStrategy }
+    lazy: true
+  render_strategy.single_flush:
+    class: Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\SingleFlushRenderStrategy
+    tags:
+      - { name: render_strategy, priority: -1000 }
   email.validator:
     class: Egulias\EmailValidator\EmailValidator
 
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/HtmlRenderer.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/HtmlRenderer.php
index cb987f4..864c4ee 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/HtmlRenderer.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/MainContent/HtmlRenderer.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Render\RenderCacheInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Render\RenderEvents;
+use Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyManagerInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Routing\RouteMatchInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventDispatcherInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
@@ -74,6 +75,13 @@ class HtmlRenderer implements MainContentRendererInterface {
   protected $renderCache;
 
   /**
+   * The render strategy manager service.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyManager
+   */
+  protected $renderStrategyManager;
+
+  /**
    * Constructs a new HtmlRenderer.
    *
    * @param \Drupal\Core\Controller\TitleResolverInterface $title_resolver
@@ -89,13 +97,14 @@ class HtmlRenderer implements MainContentRendererInterface {
    * @param \Drupal\Core\Render\RenderCacheInterface $render_cache
    *   The render cache service.
    */
-  public function __construct(TitleResolverInterface $title_resolver, PluginManagerInterface $display_variant_manager, EventDispatcherInterface $event_dispatcher, ModuleHandlerInterface $module_handler, RendererInterface $renderer, RenderCacheInterface $render_cache) {
+  public function __construct(TitleResolverInterface $title_resolver, PluginManagerInterface $display_variant_manager, EventDispatcherInterface $event_dispatcher, ModuleHandlerInterface $module_handler, RendererInterface $renderer, RenderCacheInterface $render_cache, RenderStrategyManagerInterface $render_strategy_manager) {
     $this->titleResolver = $title_resolver;
     $this->displayVariantManager = $display_variant_manager;
     $this->eventDispatcher = $event_dispatcher;
     $this->moduleHandler = $module_handler;
     $this->renderer = $renderer;
     $this->renderCache = $render_cache;
+    $this->renderStrategyManager = $render_strategy_manager;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -124,11 +133,13 @@ public function renderResponse(array $main_content, Request $request, RouteMatch
     // page.html.twig, hence add them here, just before rendering html.html.twig.
     $this->buildPageTopAndBottom($html);
 
-    // @todo https://www.drupal.org/node/2495001 Make renderRoot return a
-    //       cacheable render array directly.
-    $this->renderer->renderRoot($html);
+    // This uses render() instead of renderRoot() to ensure that placeholders
+    // are not replaced.
+    $this->renderer->render($html);
     $content = $this->renderCache->getCacheableRenderArray($html);
 
+    $this->renderStrategyManager->renderPlaceholders($content);
+
     // Also associate the "rendered" cache tag. This allows us to invalidate the
     // entire render cache, regardless of the cache bin.
     $content['#cache']['tags'][] = 'rendered';
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Renderer.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Renderer.php
index d24b7d7..5499919 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Renderer.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Renderer.php
@@ -118,10 +118,8 @@ public function renderPlain(&$elements) {
    *   The updated $elements.
    *
    * @see ::replacePlaceholders()
-   *
-   * @todo Make public as part of https://www.drupal.org/node/2469431
    */
-  protected function renderPlaceholder($placeholder, array $elements) {
+  public function renderPlaceholder($placeholder, array $elements) {
     // Get the render array for the given placeholder
     $placeholder_elements = $elements['#attached']['placeholders'][$placeholder];
 
@@ -211,12 +209,6 @@ protected function doRender(&$elements, $is_root_call = FALSE) {
       $cached_element = $this->renderCache->get($elements);
       if ($cached_element !== FALSE) {
         $elements = $cached_element;
-        // Only when we're in a root (non-recursive) Renderer::render() call,
-        // placeholders must be processed, to prevent breaking the render cache
-        // in case of nested elements with #cache set.
-        if ($is_root_call) {
-          $this->replacePlaceholders($elements);
-        }
         // Mark the element markup as safe. If we have cached children, we need
         // to mark them as safe too. The parent markup contains the child
         // markup, so if the parent markup is safe, then the markup of the
@@ -233,6 +225,14 @@ protected function doRender(&$elements, $is_root_call = FALSE) {
         // Render cache hit, so rendering is finished, all necessary info
         // collected!
         $this->bubbleStack();
+
+        // Only when we're in a root (non-recursive) Renderer::render() call,
+        // placeholders must be processed, to prevent breaking the render cache
+        // in case of nested elements with #cache set.
+        if ($is_root_call) {
+          $this->replacePlaceholders($elements);
+        }
+
         return $elements['#markup'];
       }
     }
@@ -470,6 +470,15 @@ protected function doRender(&$elements, $is_root_call = FALSE) {
       $this->renderCache->set($elements, $pre_bubbling_elements);
     }
 
+    if ($is_root_call) {
+      if (static::$stack->count() !== 1) {
+        throw new \LogicException('A stray drupal_render() invocation with $is_root_call = TRUE is causing bubbling of attached assets to break.');
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Rendering is finished, all necessary info collected!
+    $this->bubbleStack();
+
     // Only when we're in a root (non-recursive) Renderer::render() call,
     // placeholders must be processed, to prevent breaking the render cache in
     // case of nested elements with #cache set.
@@ -481,14 +490,8 @@ protected function doRender(&$elements, $is_root_call = FALSE) {
     // that is handled earlier in Renderer::render().
     if ($is_root_call) {
       $this->replacePlaceholders($elements);
-      if (static::$stack->count() !== 1) {
-        throw new \LogicException('A stray drupal_render() invocation with $is_root_call = TRUE is causing bubbling of attached assets to break.');
-      }
     }
 
-    // Rendering is finished, all necessary info collected!
-    $this->bubbleStack();
-
     $elements['#printed'] = TRUE;
     $elements['#markup'] = SafeMarkup::set($elements['#markup']);
     return $elements['#markup'];
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyInterface.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6abbd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Contains \Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyInterface.
+ */
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy;
+
+/**
+ * Provides an interface for defining a render strategy service.
+ */
+interface RenderStrategyInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * Processes placeholders to render them with different strategies.
+   *
+   * @param array $placeholders
+   *   The placeholders to process keyed by $placeholder_id with the render
+   *   cache array as value.
+   *
+   * @return array $placeholders
+   *   The new values for the placeholders, keyed by $placeholder_id => $render_array.
+   */
+  public function processPlaceholders(array $placeholders);
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyManager.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyManager.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bc05e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyManager.php
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Contains \Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyManager.
+ */
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy;
+
+use Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Provides a class which allows to render placeholders.
+ */
+class RenderStrategyManager implements RenderStrategyManagerInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * The renderer.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface
+   */
+  protected $renderer;
+
+  /**
+   * The RenderStrategy services.
+   *
+   * @var Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyInterface[]
+   */
+  protected $renderStrategies;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new RenderStrategyManager class.
+   *
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface
+   *   The renderer.
+   */
+  public function __construct(RendererInterface $renderer) {
+    $this->renderer = $renderer;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a render strategy to process.
+   *
+   * @param RenderStrategyInterface $strategy
+   *   The strategy to add to the render strategies.
+   */
+  public function addRenderStrategy(RenderStrategyInterface $strategy) {
+    $this->renderStrategies[] = $strategy;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function renderPlaceholders(&$elements) {
+    if (!isset($elements['#attached']['placeholders']) || empty($elements['#attached']['placeholders'])) {
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    $new_placeholders = [];
+    $placeholders = $elements['#attached']['placeholders'];
+
+    // Give each render strategy a chance to replace all not-yet replaced
+    // placeholders.
+    foreach ($this->renderStrategies as $strategy) {
+      $processed_placeholders = $strategy->processPlaceholders($placeholders);
+      $placeholders = array_diff_key($placeholders, $processed_placeholders);
+      $new_placeholders += $processed_placeholders;
+
+      if (empty($placeholders)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Now render the new placeholders.
+    $elements['#attached']['placeholders'] = $new_placeholders;
+    foreach (array_keys($elements['#attached']['placeholders']) as $placeholder) {
+      $elements = $this->renderer->renderPlaceholder($placeholder, $elements);
+    }
+    unset($elements['#attached']['placeholders']);
+
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyManagerInterface.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyManagerInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7c0385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/RenderStrategyManagerInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Contains \Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\RenderStrategyManagerInterface.
+ */
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy;
+
+/**
+ * Provides an interface which allows to render placeholders.
+ */
+interface RenderStrategyManagerInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * Renders placeholders with different strategies.
+   *
+   * @param array $elements
+   *   The render cache array containing #markup and #attached placeholders.
+   *
+   * @return bool
+   *   TRUE when placeholders have been replaced, FALSE otherwise.
+   */
+  public function renderPlaceholders(&$elements);
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/SingleFlushRenderStrategy.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/SingleFlushRenderStrategy.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bed91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Render/Strategy/SingleFlushRenderStrategy.php
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Contains \Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy\SingleFlushRenderStrategy
+ */
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Render\Strategy;
+
+/**
+ * Defines the 'single_flush' render strategy.
+ *
+ * This is the last strategy that always replaces all remaining placeholders.
+ */
+class SingleFlushRenderStrategy implements RenderStrategyInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function processPlaceholders(array $placeholders) {
+    // Return all placeholders as is; they should be rendered directly.
+    return $placeholders;
+  }
+}