diff --git a/core/modules/layout_builder/tests/src/Functional/LayoutBuilderTranslationTest.php b/core/modules/layout_builder/tests/src/Functional/LayoutBuilderTranslationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4904d45797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/layout_builder/tests/src/Functional/LayoutBuilderTranslationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Tests\layout_builder\Functional;
+
+use Drupal\Core\Entity\Entity\EntityViewDisplay;
+use Drupal\Core\Url;
+use Drupal\Tests\content_translation\Functional\ContentTranslationTestBase;
+
+/**
+ * Tests that the Layout Builder UI works with translated content.
+ *
+ * @group layout_builder
+ */
+class LayoutBuilderTranslationTest extends ContentTranslationTestBase {
+
+  /**
+   * The entity used for testing.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface
+   */
+  protected $entity;
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public static $modules = [
+    'content_translation',
+    'entity_test',
+    'layout_builder',
+    'block',
+  ];
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  protected function setUp() {
+    parent::setUp();
+
+    $this->drupalLogin($this->administrator);
+    $this->drupalPostForm('entity_test_mul/structure/entity_test_mul/display/default', ['layout[allow_custom]' => TRUE], 'Save');
+
+    // @todo The Layout Builder UI relies on local tasks; fix in
+    //   https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/2917777.
+    $this->drupalPlaceBlock('local_tasks_block');
+
+    // Create a test entity.
+    $id = $this->createEntity([
+      $this->fieldName => [['value' => 'The untranslated field value']],
+    ], $this->langcodes[0]);
+    $storage = $this->container->get('entity_type.manager')->getStorage($this->entityTypeId);
+    $storage->resetCache([$id]);
+    $this->entity = $storage->load($id);
+
+    // Create a translation.
+    $this->drupalLogin($this->translator);
+    $add_translation_url = Url::fromRoute("entity.$this->entityTypeId.content_translation_add", [
+      $this->entityTypeId => $this->entity->id(),
+      'source' => $this->langcodes[0],
+      'target' => $this->langcodes[2],
+    ]);
+    $this->drupalPostForm($add_translation_url, [
+      "{$this->fieldName}[0][value]" => 'The translated field value',
+    ], 'Save');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  protected function setupTestFields() {
+    parent::setupTestFields();
+
+    EntityViewDisplay::create([
+      'targetEntityType' => $this->entityTypeId,
+      'bundle' => $this->bundle,
+      'mode' => 'default',
+      'status' => TRUE,
+    ])->setComponent($this->fieldName, ['type' => 'string'])->save();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  protected function getAdministratorPermissions() {
+    $permissions = parent::getAdministratorPermissions();
+    $permissions[] = 'administer entity_test_mul display';
+    return $permissions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  protected function getTranslatorPermissions() {
+    $permissions = parent::getTranslatorPermissions();
+    $permissions[] = 'view test entity translations';
+    $permissions[] = 'view test entity';
+    $permissions[] = 'configure any layout';
+    return $permissions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the Layout Builder UI works with translated content.
+   */
+  public function testLayoutPerTranslation() {
+    $assert_session = $this->assertSession();
+    $page = $this->getSession()->getPage();
+
+    $entity_url = $this->entity->toUrl()->toString();
+    $layout_url = $entity_url . '/layout';
+    $translated_entity_url = "{$this->langcodes[2]}$entity_url";
+    $translated_layout_url = "{$this->langcodes[2]}$layout_url";
+
+    $this->drupalGet($layout_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The translated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The untranslated field value');
+
+    $this->drupalGet($translated_layout_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The untranslated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The translated field value');
+
+    // Ensure that the tempstore varies per-translation.
+    $this->drupalGet($layout_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The translated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The untranslated field value');
+
+    // Adjust the layout of the original entity.
+    $assert_session->linkExists('Add Block');
+    $this->clickLink('Add Block');
+    $assert_session->linkExists('Powered by Drupal');
+    $this->clickLink('Powered by Drupal');
+    $page->pressButton('Add Block');
+    $assert_session->linkExists('Save Layout');
+    $this->clickLink('Save Layout');
+
+    $this->drupalGet($entity_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The translated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The untranslated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('Powered by Drupal');
+
+    // Ensure that the layout change propagates to the translated entity.
+    $this->drupalGet($translated_entity_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The untranslated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The translated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('Powered by Drupal');
+
+    // The translated entity's unaltered layout still persists in the tempstore.
+    $this->drupalGet($translated_layout_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The untranslated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The translated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('Powered by Drupal');
+    $assert_session->linkExists('Save Layout');
+    $this->clickLink('Save Layout');
+
+    $assert_session->addressEquals($translated_entity_url);
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('The untranslated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextContains('The translated field value');
+    $assert_session->pageTextNotContains('Powered by Drupal');
+  }
+
+}