--- a/src/Controller/TaxonomiesController.php
+++ b/src/Controller/TaxonomiesController.php
@@ -522,6 +522,14 @@
           $query->condition('vid', $vid);
           $query->condition('name', $taxonomy['name']);
           $tids = $query->execute();
+
+          // Also check by UUID to avoid duplicate constraint errors when a
+          // term exists but has been renamed since the last export.
+          if (count($tids) <= 0 && !empty($taxonomy['uuid'])) {
+            $uuid_query = StructureSyncHelper::getEntityQuery('taxonomy_term');
+            $uuid_query->condition('uuid', $taxonomy['uuid']);
+            $tids = $uuid_query->execute();
+          }
 
           if (count($tids) <= 0) {
             if (!in_array($taxonomy['tid'], $tidsDone) && ($taxonomy['parent'] === '0' || in_array($taxonomy['parent'], $tidsDone))) {