diff --git a/core/core.services.yml b/core/core.services.yml
index 72ff560296e..d34a6f2319c 100644
--- a/core/core.services.yml
+++ b/core/core.services.yml
@@ -774,6 +774,8 @@ services:
   menu.link_tree:
     class: Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTree
     arguments: ['@menu.tree_storage', '@plugin.manager.menu.link', '@router.route_provider', '@menu.active_trail', '@callable_resolver']
+    tags:
+      - { name: service_collector, tag: menu_tree_contextual_manipulator, call: addContextualManipulator }
   Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeInterface: '@menu.link_tree'
   menu.default_tree_manipulators:
     class: Drupal\Core\Menu\DefaultMenuLinkTreeManipulators
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTranslationInterface.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTranslationInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20c223119ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTranslationInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Menu;
+
+/**
+ * Defines an interface for exposing multilingual capabilities.
+ */
+interface MenuLinkTranslationInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if menu link has a translation.
+   *
+   * @param string $langcode
+   *   The langcode.
+   *
+   * @return bool
+   *   TRUE if menu link has a translation, FALSE if not.
+   */
+  public function hasTranslation(string $langcode): bool;
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTree.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTree.php
index 15d9c710508..fa2fca44375 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTree.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTree.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Drupal\Component\Utility\NestedArray;
 use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResultInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResultNeutral;
 use Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheableMetadata;
 use Drupal\Core\Controller\ControllerResolverInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Routing\PreloadableRouteProviderInterface;
@@ -51,6 +52,13 @@ class MenuLinkTree implements MenuLinkTreeInterface {
    */
   protected CallableResolver $callableResolver;
 
+  /**
+   * The contextual menu link tree manipulators.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface[]
+   */
+  private array $contextualManipulators = [];
+
   /**
    * Constructs a \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTree object.
    *
@@ -134,13 +142,14 @@ protected function createInstances(array $data_tree) {
         $subtree
       );
     }
+
     return $tree;
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
-  public function transform(array $tree, array $manipulators) {
+  public function transform(array $tree, array $manipulators, $context = NULL) {
     foreach ($manipulators as $manipulator) {
       $callable = $this->callableResolver->getCallableFromDefinition($manipulator['callable']);
       // Prepare the arguments for the menu tree manipulator callable; the first
@@ -153,6 +162,29 @@ public function transform(array $tree, array $manipulators) {
         $tree = call_user_func($callable, $tree);
       }
     }
+
+    if (is_null($context)) {
+      @trigger_error('Transforming menu links without $context is deprecated in drupal:10.2.0 and is removed from drupal:11.0.0. See https://www.drupal.org/node/3380512', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+
+      return $tree;
+    }
+
+    // Apply contextual menu link tree manipulators.
+    foreach ($this->contextualManipulators as $manipulator) {
+      assert($manipulator instanceof MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface);
+      if (!$manipulator->applies($tree, $context)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      $tree = $manipulator->process($tree, $context);
+      foreach ($tree as $key => $link) {
+        // Add manipulator as a cacheable dependency to all link tree elements
+        // to make sure cacheable metadata bubbles up.
+        if (!$tree[$key]->access) {
+          $tree[$key]->access = new AccessResultNeutral();
+        }
+        $tree[$key]->access->addCacheableDependency($manipulator);
+      }
+    }
     return $tree;
   }
 
@@ -308,4 +340,16 @@ public function getExpanded($menu_name, array $parents) {
     return $this->treeStorage->getExpanded($menu_name, $parents);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Add a manipulator to the list of manipulators.
+   *
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface $manipulator
+   *   A menu link tree manipulator.
+   *
+   * @return void
+   */
+  public function addContextualManipulator(MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface $manipulator): void {
+    $this->contextualManipulators[] = $manipulator;
+  }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6b3820d566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface.php
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Menu;
+
+use Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheableDependencyInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Defines an interface for contextual menu link tree manipulators.
+ */
+interface MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface extends CacheableDependencyInterface {
+
+  /**
+   * Whether this menu link tree manipulator applies to the current context.
+   *
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeElement[] $tree
+   *   The menu link tree.
+   * @param mixed $context
+   *   Context related to the menu link tree being manipulated. This is usually
+   *   the object triggering the menu link tree transformation.
+   *
+   * @return bool
+   *   TRUE if this menu link tree manipulator should be used.
+   */
+  public function applies(array $tree, mixed $context): bool;
+
+  /**
+   * Process a menu link tree manipulator.
+   *
+   * The menu link tree manipulator can be used for transforming the menu links.
+   * The manipulator needs to take into account that the menu links may contain
+   * cacheable metadata. Removing items directly leads into loss of cacheable
+   * metadata. Instead, the links should be converted into inaccessible links.
+   *
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeElement[] $tree
+   *   The menu link tree to manipulate.
+   * @param mixed $context
+   *   Context related to the menu link tree being manipulated. This is usually
+   *   the object triggering the menu link tree transformation.
+   *
+   * @return \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeElement[]
+   *   The manipulated link tree.
+   */
+  public function process(array $tree, mixed $context): array;
+
+}
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeInterface.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeInterface.php
index 73651a0a97c..696d7ad7dc4 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeInterface.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeInterface.php
@@ -70,11 +70,19 @@ public function load($menu_name, MenuTreeParameters $parameters);
    *   - callable: a callable or a string that can be resolved to a callable
    *     by Drupal\Core\Utility\CallableResolver::getCallableFromDefinition()
    *   - args: optional array of arguments to pass to the callable after $tree.
+   * phpcs:disable Drupal.Commenting
+   * @todo Uncomment new method parameters before drupal:11.0.0.
+   * @see https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/3354672
+   *
+   * @param mixed $context
+   * Context related to the current transformation. This is usually the object
+   * triggering the menu link tree transformation.
+   * phpcs:enable
    *
    * @return \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeElement[]
    *   The manipulated menu link tree.
    */
-  public function transform(array $tree, array $manipulators);
+  public function transform(array $tree, array $manipulators /* , mixed $context */);
 
   /**
    * Builds a renderable array from a menu tree.
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuParentFormSelector.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuParentFormSelector.php
index bf8ca0f1400..2db26d6247d 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuParentFormSelector.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/MenuParentFormSelector.php
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public function getParentSelectOptions($id = '', array $menus = NULL, CacheableM
         ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
         ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
       ];
-      $tree = $this->menuLinkTree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+      $tree = $this->menuLinkTree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
       $this->parentSelectOptionsTreeWalk($tree, $menu_name, '--', $options, $id, $depth_limit, $cacheability);
     }
     return $options;
diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/menu.api.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/menu.api.php
index 4d775978c22..d21c7793250 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/menu.api.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Menu/menu.api.php
@@ -97,6 +97,21 @@
  * @todo Derivatives are in flux for these; when they are more stable, add
  *   documentation here.
  *
+ * @section Menu Link Tree Manipulators
+ *   When rendering menu link trees, the menu links are transformed into an actual
+ *   link tree that is ready for output. There are two categories of menu link
+ *   tree manipulators involved in this process:
+ *
+ *   Explicit Manipulators: These are deliberately added during rendering of the
+ *   menu link tree. For example, access checking is commonly done using an
+ *   explicit manipulator.
+ *
+ *   Contextual Manipulators: Introduced by other modules, these manipulators are
+ *   added based on the context where the links are rendered. These are usually
+ *   needed for side effects that a module needs to introduce. For example, a
+ *   module might add a manipulator to remove untranslated links from the menu
+ *   link tree.
+ *
  * @section sec_actions Defining local actions for routes
  * Local actions can be defined for operations related to a given route. For
  * instance, adding content is a common operation for the content management
diff --git a/core/modules/menu_link_content/src/Plugin/Menu/MenuLinkContent.php b/core/modules/menu_link_content/src/Plugin/Menu/MenuLinkContent.php
index 4c07d4d9ccf..d7c0d55fea3 100644
--- a/core/modules/menu_link_content/src/Plugin/Menu/MenuLinkContent.php
+++ b/core/modules/menu_link_content/src/Plugin/Menu/MenuLinkContent.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeManagerInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkBase;
+use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTranslationInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Plugin\ContainerFactoryPluginInterface;
 use Drupal\menu_link_content\MenuLinkContentInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface;
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@
 /**
  * Provides the menu link plugin for content menu links.
  */
-class MenuLinkContent extends MenuLinkBase implements ContainerFactoryPluginInterface {
+class MenuLinkContent extends MenuLinkBase implements ContainerFactoryPluginInterface, MenuLinkTranslationInterface {
 
   /**
    * Entities IDs to load.
@@ -280,6 +281,13 @@ public function isTranslatable() {
     return $this->getEntity()->isTranslatable();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function hasTranslation(string $langcode): bool {
+    return $this->getEntity()->hasTranslation($langcode);
+  }
+
   /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
diff --git a/core/modules/menu_ui/src/MenuForm.php b/core/modules/menu_ui/src/MenuForm.php
index 9d90ac5a607..3cb0f4c18f4 100644
--- a/core/modules/menu_ui/src/MenuForm.php
+++ b/core/modules/menu_ui/src/MenuForm.php
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ protected function buildOverviewForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_stat
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
     ];
-    $tree = $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
     $this->getRequest()->attributes->set('_menu_admin', FALSE);
 
     // Determine the delta; the number of weights to be made available.
diff --git a/core/modules/system/config/schema/system.schema.yml b/core/modules/system/config/schema/system.schema.yml
index a495c9cf7af..fd20a4626bf 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/config/schema/system.schema.yml
+++ b/core/modules/system/config/schema/system.schema.yml
@@ -386,6 +386,10 @@ block.settings.system_menu_block:*:
     expand_all_items:
       type: boolean
       label: 'Expand all items'
+    hide_untranslated_menu_links:
+      type: boolean
+      label: Hide untranslated custom menu links
+      nullable: true
 
 block.settings.local_tasks_block:
   type: block_settings
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Controller/LinksetController.php b/core/modules/system/src/Controller/LinksetController.php
index 793040adb06..716f0c7371f 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Controller/LinksetController.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Controller/LinksetController.php
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ protected function loadMenuTree(MenuInterface $menu) : array {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
     ];
-    return $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    return $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Controller/SystemController.php b/core/modules/system/src/Controller/SystemController.php
index afb715dad9a..fa32903b1f0 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Controller/SystemController.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Controller/SystemController.php
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ public function overview($link_id) {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
     ];
-    $tree = $this->menuLinkTree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $this->menuLinkTree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
     $tree_access_cacheability = new CacheableMetadata();
     $blocks = [];
     foreach ($tree as $key => $element) {
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Menu/LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator.php b/core/modules/system/src/Menu/LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e403e98936b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Menu/LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator.php
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\system\Menu;
+
+use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResultForbidden;
+use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResultInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheableDependencyTrait;
+use Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Menu\InaccessibleMenuLink;
+use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTranslationInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface;
+use Drupal\system\Plugin\Block\SystemMenuBlock;
+
+/**
+ * Provides a menu link language manipulator.
+ */
+class LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator implements MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface {
+
+  use CacheableDependencyTrait;
+
+  /**
+   * LanguageMenuLinkManipulator constructor.
+   *
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface $languageManager
+   *   The language manager.
+   */
+  public function __construct(protected readonly LanguageManagerInterface $languageManager) {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function process(array $tree, mixed $context): array {
+    $current_language = $this->getCurrentLanguage()->getId();
+    foreach ($tree as $key => $link) {
+      if (!$link->link instanceof MenuLinkTranslationInterface) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if ($link->link->isTranslatable() && !$link->link->hasTranslation($current_language)) {
+        $access = new AccessResultForbidden();
+
+        // Instead of removing the menu link, mark it inaccessible so that its
+        // cacheable metadata bubbles up.
+        // @see \Drupal\Core\Menu\DefaultMenuLinkTreeManipulators::checkAccess
+        if ($tree[$key]->access instanceof AccessResultInterface) {
+          $access = $tree[$key]->access->andIf($access);
+        }
+        $tree[$key]->access = $access;
+        $tree[$key]->link = new InaccessibleMenuLink($link->link);
+        $tree[$key]->subtree = [];
+      }
+      elseif ($link->hasChildren) {
+        // Recursively call this method to filter out untranslated children.
+        $tree[$key]->subtree = $this->process($link->subtree, $context);
+      }
+    }
+    return $tree;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function applies(array $tree, mixed $context): bool {
+    if (!($context instanceof SystemMenuBlock)) {
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    $configuration = $context->getConfiguration();
+    if (!isset($configuration['hide_untranslated_menu_links']) || $configuration['hide_untranslated_menu_links'] !== TRUE) {
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the current language.
+   *
+   * @return \Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageInterface
+   *   The current language.
+   */
+  protected function getCurrentLanguage(): LanguageInterface {
+    return $this->languageManager->getCurrentLanguage(LanguageInterface::TYPE_CONTENT);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  public function getCacheContexts(): array {
+    return ['languages:language_content'];
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/ModuleAdminLinksHelper.php b/core/modules/system/src/ModuleAdminLinksHelper.php
index 27310cf107a..04d3b64b0e4 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/ModuleAdminLinksHelper.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/ModuleAdminLinksHelper.php
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public function getModuleAdminLinks(string $module): array {
         ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
         ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:flatten'],
       ];
-      $menuTree = $this->menuLinkTree->transform($menuTree, $manipulators);
+      $menuTree = $this->menuLinkTree->transform($menuTree, $manipulators, $this);
       $this->memoryCache->set(self::ADMIN_LINKS_MENU_TREE, $menuTree);
     }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlock.php b/core/modules/system/src/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlock.php
index 8918d4b2afa..314a848bc33 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlock.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlock.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Block\BlockBase;
 use Drupal\Core\Cache\Cache;
 use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuActiveTrailInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuTreeParameters;
@@ -56,11 +57,18 @@ class SystemMenuBlock extends BlockBase implements ContainerFactoryPluginInterfa
    *   The menu tree service.
    * @param \Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuActiveTrailInterface $menu_active_trail
    *   The active menu trail service.
+   * @param \Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface|null $languageManager
+   *   The language manager service.
    */
-  public function __construct(array $configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition, MenuLinkTreeInterface $menu_tree, MenuActiveTrailInterface $menu_active_trail) {
+  public function __construct(array $configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition, MenuLinkTreeInterface $menu_tree, MenuActiveTrailInterface $menu_active_trail, protected ?LanguageManagerInterface $languageManager = NULL) {
     parent::__construct($configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition);
     $this->menuTree = $menu_tree;
     $this->menuActiveTrail = $menu_active_trail;
+
+    if ($this->languageManager === NULL) {
+      @trigger_error('Calling SystemMenuBlock::__construct() without the $languageManager argument is deprecated in drupal:10.2.0 and will be required in drupal:11.0.0. See https://www.drupal.org/node/3392737', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+      $this->languageManager = \Drupal::service('language_manager');
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -72,7 +80,8 @@ public static function create(ContainerInterface $container, array $configuratio
       $plugin_id,
       $plugin_definition,
       $container->get('menu.link_tree'),
-      $container->get('menu.active_trail')
+      $container->get('menu.active_trail'),
+      $container->get('language_manager')
     );
   }
 
@@ -121,6 +130,14 @@ public function blockForm($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
       '#description' => $this->t('Override the option found on each menu link used for expanding children and instead display the whole menu tree as expanded.'),
     ];
 
+    $form['hide_untranslated_menu_links'] = [
+      '#type' => 'checkbox',
+      '#title' => $this->t('Hide untranslated custom menu links'),
+      '#description' => $this->t('When selected, custom menu links without translation in the current language are hidden.'),
+      '#default_value' => !empty($config['hide_untranslated_menu_links']),
+      '#access' => $this->languageManager->isMultilingual(),
+    ];
+
     return $form;
   }
 
@@ -141,6 +158,7 @@ public function blockSubmit($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
     $this->configuration['level'] = $form_state->getValue('level');
     $this->configuration['depth'] = $form_state->getValue('depth');
     $this->configuration['expand_all_items'] = $form_state->getValue('expand_all_items');
+    $this->configuration['hide_untranslated_menu_links'] = $form_state->getValue('hide_untranslated_menu_links');
   }
 
   /**
@@ -193,7 +211,7 @@ public function build() {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
     ];
-    $tree = $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
     return $this->menuTree->build($tree);
   }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/SystemManager.php b/core/modules/system/src/SystemManager.php
index 7c88d95c3e7..9fe6418981d 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/SystemManager.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/SystemManager.php
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ public function getAdminBlock(MenuLinkInterface $instance) {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
     ];
-    $tree = $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $this->menuTree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
     foreach ($tree as $key => $element) {
       // Only render accessible links.
       if (!$element->access->isAllowed()) {
diff --git a/core/modules/system/system.services.yml b/core/modules/system/system.services.yml
index 7754d143728..90324df0b93 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/system.services.yml
+++ b/core/modules/system/system.services.yml
@@ -86,3 +86,8 @@ services:
     class: Drupal\system\EventSubscriber\AccessRouteAlterSubscriber
     tags:
       - { name: event_subscriber }
+  menu.language_menu_link_tree_manipulator:
+    class: Drupal\system\Menu\LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator
+    arguments: ['@language_manager']
+    tags:
+      - { name: menu_tree_contextual_manipulator }
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/System/AdminTest.php b/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/System/AdminTest.php
index 8f72a98ec74..92e55611f8b 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/System/AdminTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/src/Functional/System/AdminTest.php
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ protected function getTopLevelMenuLinks() {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:checkAccess'],
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:flatten'],
     ];
-    $tree = $menu_tree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $menu_tree->transform($tree, $manipulators, $this);
 
     // Transform the tree to a list of menu links.
     $menu_links = [];
diff --git a/core/modules/system/tests/src/Kernel/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlockTranslationTest.php b/core/modules/system/tests/src/Kernel/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlockTranslationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..664f74360b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/modules/system/tests/src/Kernel/Plugin/Block/SystemMenuBlockTranslationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Tests\system\Kernel\Plugin\Block;
+
+use Drupal\Core\Language\Language;
+use Drupal\system\Entity\Menu;
+use Drupal\KernelTests\KernelTestBase;
+use Drupal\language\Entity\ConfigurableLanguage;
+use Drupal\menu_link_content\Entity\MenuLinkContent;
+use Drupal\system\MenuInterface;
+
+// cspell:ignore langname
+
+/**
+ * Tests \Drupal\system\Plugin\Block\SystemMenuBlock translation.
+ *
+ * @group system
+ *
+ * @see \Drupal\system\Plugin\Block\SystemMenuBlock
+ * @see \Drupal\system\Menu\LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator
+ */
+class SystemMenuBlockTranslationTest extends KernelTestBase {
+
+  /**
+   * Modules to enable.
+   *
+   * @var array
+   */
+  protected static $modules = [
+    'block',
+    'content_translation',
+    'language',
+    'link',
+    'menu_link_content',
+    'system',
+    'user',
+  ];
+
+  /**
+   * The menu for testing.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\system\MenuInterface
+   */
+  protected MenuInterface $menu;
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritdoc}
+   */
+  protected function setUp(): void {
+    parent::setUp();
+
+    // Install schemas & config.
+    $this->installConfig(['language']);
+    $this->installEntitySchema('configurable_language');
+    $this->installEntitySchema('user');
+    $this->installEntitySchema('menu_link_content');
+
+    // Add custom menu.
+    $this->menu = Menu::create([
+      'id' => 'mock',
+      'label' => $this->randomMachineName(16),
+      'description' => 'Description text',
+    ]);
+    $this->menu->save();
+
+    // Make menu content links translatable.
+    $this->container->get('content_translation.manager')->setEnabled('menu_link_content', 'menu_link_content', TRUE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that menu blocks display links in proper language.
+   *
+   * @covers \Drupal\system\Menu\LanguageMenuLinkTreeManipulator::process
+   */
+  public function testMenuBlockTranslation(): void {
+    $fr_language = ConfigurableLanguage::createFromLangcode('fr');
+    $fr_language->save();
+    // Create menu links in each language.
+    $languages = [
+      'en' => 'English',
+      'fr' => 'French',
+      Language::LANGCODE_NOT_SPECIFIED => 'Not specified',
+      Language::LANGCODE_NOT_APPLICABLE => 'Not applicable',
+    ];
+    $links = [];
+    foreach ($languages as $langcode => $langname) {
+      $link = MenuLinkContent::create([
+        'title' => "test $langname",
+        'link' => ['uri' => 'https://www.drupal.org/'],
+        'menu_name' => $this->menu->id(),
+        'external' => TRUE,
+        'bundle' => 'menu_link_content',
+        'langcode' => $langcode,
+      ]);
+      $link->save();
+      $links[$langcode] = $link;
+    }
+
+    /** @var \Drupal\Core\Block\BlockPluginInterface $block */
+    $block = $this->container->get('plugin.manager.block')->createInstance('system_menu_block:' . $this->menu->id());
+    $block->setConfigurationValue('hide_untranslated_menu_links', TRUE);
+
+    // If English is the default language the items that should be set are
+    // - English
+    // - Not specified
+    // - Not applicable
+    // It should not show French links.
+    $build = $block->build();
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey('languages:language_content', array_flip($build['#cache']['contexts']));
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey('#items', $build);
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey($links['en']->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+    $this->assertArrayNotHasKey($links['fr']->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey($links[Language::LANGCODE_NOT_SPECIFIED]->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey($links[Language::LANGCODE_NOT_APPLICABLE]->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+
+    // If French is the default language the items that should be set are
+    // - French
+    // - Not specified
+    // - Not applicable
+    // It should not show English links.
+    $this->container->get('language.default')->set($fr_language);
+    $this->container->get('language_manager')->reset();
+    $build = $block->build();
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey('languages:language_content', array_flip($build['#cache']['contexts']));
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey('#items', $build);
+    $this->assertArrayNotHasKey($links['en']->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey($links['fr']->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey($links[Language::LANGCODE_NOT_SPECIFIED]->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+    $this->assertArrayHasKey($links[Language::LANGCODE_NOT_APPLICABLE]->getPluginId(), $build['#items']);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/modules/toolbar/src/Controller/ToolbarController.php b/core/modules/toolbar/src/Controller/ToolbarController.php
index c683494f505..ef6e558dbe4 100644
--- a/core/modules/toolbar/src/Controller/ToolbarController.php
+++ b/core/modules/toolbar/src/Controller/ToolbarController.php
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public static function preRenderAdministrationTray(array $element) {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
       ['callable' => 'toolbar_menu_navigation_links'],
     ];
-    $tree = $menu_tree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $menu_tree->transform($tree, $manipulators, __METHOD__);
     $element['administration_menu'] = $menu_tree->build($tree);
     return $element;
   }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public static function preRenderGetRenderedSubtrees(array $data) {
       ['callable' => 'menu.default_tree_manipulators:generateIndexAndSort'],
       ['callable' => 'toolbar_menu_navigation_links'],
     ];
-    $tree = $menu_tree->transform($tree, $manipulators);
+    $tree = $menu_tree->transform($tree, $manipulators, __METHOD__);
     $subtrees = [];
     // Calculated the combined cacheability of all subtrees.
     $cacheability = CacheableMetadata::createFromRenderArray($data);
diff --git a/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/DependencyInjection/AutowireTest.php b/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/DependencyInjection/AutowireTest.php
index 0ba24038453..bda79197cf6 100644
--- a/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/DependencyInjection/AutowireTest.php
+++ b/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/DependencyInjection/AutowireTest.php
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public function testCoreServiceAliases(): void {
                 'context_provider',
                 'event_subscriber',
                 'module_install.uninstall_validator',
+                'menu_tree_contextual_manipulator',
               ])) {
                 continue 2;
               }
diff --git a/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeTest.php b/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeTest.php
index c36c37fea91..23f7827bd59 100644
--- a/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeTest.php
+++ b/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/Core/Menu/MenuLinkTreeTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Drupal\KernelTests\Core\Menu;
 
+use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuLinkTreeElement;
 use Drupal\Core\Menu\MenuTreeParameters;
 use Drupal\KernelTests\KernelTestBase;
@@ -133,4 +134,53 @@ public function testCreateLinksInMenu() {
     $this->assertEquals(3, $height);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Tests transforming a link tree from a contextual manipulator.
+   */
+  public function testContextualManipulator() {
+    /** @var \Drupal\system\MenuStorage $storage */
+    $storage = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('menu');
+    $storage->create(['id' => 'menu1', 'label' => 'Menu 1'])->save();
+
+    \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('menu_link_content')->create(['link' => ['uri' => 'internal:/menu_name_test'], 'menu_name' => 'menu1', 'bundle' => 'menu_link_content', 'title' => 'Link test'])->save();
+    \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('menu_link_content')->create(['link' => ['uri' => 'internal:/menu_name_test'], 'menu_name' => 'menu1', 'bundle' => 'menu_link_content', 'title' => 'Link test'])->save();
+    $output = $this->linkTree->load('menu1', new MenuTreeParameters());
+    $this->assertCount(2, $output);
+
+    // Add contextual manipulator that applies.
+    $context = new \stdClass();
+    $contextual_manipulator = $this->prophesize(MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface::class);
+    $contextual_manipulator->applies($output, $context)->willReturn(TRUE);
+    $contextual_manipulator->process($output, $context)->willReturn([$output[array_key_first($output)]]);
+    $contextual_manipulator->getCacheContexts()->willReturn([]);
+    $contextual_manipulator->getCacheTags()->willReturn([]);
+    $contextual_manipulator->getCacheMaxAge()->willReturn(1337);
+    $this->linkTree->addContextualManipulator($contextual_manipulator->reveal());
+
+    // Add contextual manipulator that doesn't apply.
+    $context = new \stdClass();
+    $non_applicable_manipulator = $this->prophesize(MenuLinkTreeContextualManipulatorInterface::class);
+    $non_applicable_manipulator->applies([$output[array_key_first($output)]], $context)->willReturn(FALSE);
+    $this->linkTree->addContextualManipulator($non_applicable_manipulator->reveal());
+
+    $this->assertCount(1, $this->linkTree->transform($output, [], $context));
+
+    $render_array = $this->linkTree->build($output);
+    $this->assertSame(1337, $render_array['#cache']['max-age']);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests transforming a link tree.
+   *
+   * @group legacy
+   */
+  public function testTransformWithoutContext() {
+    /** @var \Drupal\system\MenuStorage $storage */
+    $storage = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('menu');
+    $storage->create(['id' => 'menu1', 'label' => 'Menu 1'])->save();
+    $output = $this->linkTree->load('menu1', new MenuTreeParameters());
+    $this->expectDeprecation('Transforming menu links without $context is deprecated in drupal:10.2.0 and is removed from drupal:11.0.0. See https://www.drupal.org/node/3380512');
+    $this->linkTree->transform($output, []);
+  }
+
 }