diff --git a/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/AddFormBase.php b/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/AddFormBase.php
index db5d6a7fcb..45c1a8f0f4 100644
--- a/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/AddFormBase.php
+++ b/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/AddFormBase.php
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Url;
 use Drupal\file\FileInterface;
+use Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface;
 use Drupal\media\MediaInterface;
 use Drupal\media\MediaTypeInterface;
 use Drupal\media_library\Ajax\UpdateSelectionCommand;
@@ -65,6 +66,13 @@ abstract class AddFormBase extends FormBase {
    */
   protected $openerResolver;
 
+  /**
+   * The file usage service.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface
+   */
+  protected $fileUsage;
+
   /**
    * Constructs a AddFormBase object.
    *
@@ -74,8 +82,10 @@ abstract class AddFormBase extends FormBase {
    *   The media library UI builder.
    * @param \Drupal\media_library\OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver
    *   The opener resolver.
+   * @param \Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface $file_usage
+   *   The file usage service.
    */
-  public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, MediaLibraryUiBuilder $library_ui_builder, OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver = NULL) {
+  public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, MediaLibraryUiBuilder $library_ui_builder, OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver = NULL, FileUsageInterface $file_usage = NULL) {
     $this->entityTypeManager = $entity_type_manager;
     $this->libraryUiBuilder = $library_ui_builder;
     $this->viewBuilder = $this->entityTypeManager->getViewBuilder('media');
@@ -84,6 +94,11 @@ public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, Med
       $opener_resolver = \Drupal::service('media_library.opener_resolver');
     }
     $this->openerResolver = $opener_resolver;
+    if (!$file_usage) {
+      @trigger_error('The file.usage service must be passed to AddFormBase::__construct(), it is required before Drupal 9.0.0.', E_USER_DEPRECATED);
+      $file_usage = \Drupal::service('file.usage');
+    }
+    $this->fileUsage = $file_usage;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -563,7 +578,7 @@ public function removeButtonSubmit(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state)
 
     // Immediately discard its file.
     $file = $removed_media->get($this->getSourceFieldName($removed_media->bundle->entity))->entity;
-    if ($file instanceof FileInterface) {
+    if ($file instanceof FileInterface && empty($this->fileUsage->listUsage($file))) {
       $file->delete();
     }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/FileUploadForm.php b/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/FileUploadForm.php
index cfc85651e0..df4bf99b80 100644
--- a/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/FileUploadForm.php
+++ b/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/FileUploadForm.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Render\RendererInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Url;
 use Drupal\file\FileInterface;
+use Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface;
 use Drupal\file\Plugin\Field\FieldType\FileFieldItemList;
 use Drupal\file\Plugin\Field\FieldType\FileItem;
 use Drupal\media\MediaInterface;
@@ -68,9 +69,11 @@ class FileUploadForm extends AddFormBase {
    *   The file system service.
    * @param \Drupal\media_library\OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver
    *   The opener resolver.
+   * @param \Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface $file_usage
+   *   The file usage service.
    */
-  public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, MediaLibraryUiBuilder $library_ui_builder, ElementInfoManagerInterface $element_info, RendererInterface $renderer, FileSystemInterface $file_system, OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver = NULL) {
-    parent::__construct($entity_type_manager, $library_ui_builder, $opener_resolver);
+  public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, MediaLibraryUiBuilder $library_ui_builder, ElementInfoManagerInterface $element_info, RendererInterface $renderer, FileSystemInterface $file_system, OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver = NULL, FileUsageInterface $file_usage = NULL) {
+    parent::__construct($entity_type_manager, $library_ui_builder, $opener_resolver, $file_usage);
     $this->elementInfo = $element_info;
     $this->renderer = $renderer;
     $this->fileSystem = $file_system;
diff --git a/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/OEmbedForm.php b/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/OEmbedForm.php
index c31bc8e0dd..629c00c62a 100644
--- a/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/OEmbedForm.php
+++ b/core/modules/media_library/src/Form/OEmbedForm.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Drupal\Core\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Url;
+use Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface;
 use Drupal\media\OEmbed\ResourceException;
 use Drupal\media\OEmbed\ResourceFetcherInterface;
 use Drupal\media\OEmbed\UrlResolverInterface;
@@ -51,9 +52,11 @@ class OEmbedForm extends AddFormBase {
    *   The oEmbed resource fetcher service.
    * @param \Drupal\media_library\OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver
    *   The opener resolver.
+   * @param \Drupal\file\FileUsage\FileUsageInterface $file_usage
+   *   The file usage service.
    */
-  public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, MediaLibraryUiBuilder $library_ui_builder, UrlResolverInterface $url_resolver, ResourceFetcherInterface $resource_fetcher, OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver = NULL) {
-    parent::__construct($entity_type_manager, $library_ui_builder, $opener_resolver);
+  public function __construct(EntityTypeManagerInterface $entity_type_manager, MediaLibraryUiBuilder $library_ui_builder, UrlResolverInterface $url_resolver, ResourceFetcherInterface $resource_fetcher, OpenerResolverInterface $opener_resolver = NULL, FileUsageInterface $file_usage = NULL) {
+    parent::__construct($entity_type_manager, $library_ui_builder, $opener_resolver, $file_usage);
     $this->urlResolver = $url_resolver;
     $this->resourceFetcher = $resource_fetcher;
   }
@@ -67,7 +70,8 @@ public static function create(ContainerInterface $container) {
       $container->get('media_library.ui_builder'),
       $container->get('media.oembed.url_resolver'),
       $container->get('media.oembed.resource_fetcher'),
-      $container->get('media_library.opener_resolver')
+      $container->get('media_library.opener_resolver'),
+      $container->get('file.usage')
     );
   }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/media_library/tests/src/FunctionalJavascript/MediaLibraryTest.php b/core/modules/media_library/tests/src/FunctionalJavascript/MediaLibraryTest.php
index 5faf654b04..f751d5344b 100644
--- a/core/modules/media_library/tests/src/FunctionalJavascript/MediaLibraryTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/media_library/tests/src/FunctionalJavascript/MediaLibraryTest.php
@@ -1335,6 +1335,8 @@ public function testWidgetUpload() {
     // assert the field validation does not stop users from removing items.
     $page->fillField('media[0][fields][field_media_test_image][0][alt]', $filenames[0]);
     $page->fillField('media[1][fields][field_media_test_image][0][alt]', $filenames[1]);
+    // Assert the file is available in the file storage.
+    $this->assertCount(1, $file_storage->loadByProperties(['filename' => $filenames[1]]));
     // Remove the second file and assert the focus is shifted to the container
     // of the next media item and field values are still correct.
     $page->pressButton('media-1-remove-button');