diff --git a/core/includes/file.inc b/core/includes/file.inc
index 6ffb269..17ce8c3 100644
--- a/core/includes/file.inc
+++ b/core/includes/file.inc
@@ -276,18 +276,22 @@ function file_stream_wrapper_get_class($scheme) {
 /**
  * Returns the scheme of a URI (e.g. a stream).
  *
- * @param $uri
- *   A stream, referenced as "scheme://target".
+ * @param string $uri
+ *   A stream, referenced as "scheme://target"  or "data:target".
  *
- * @return
+ * @return string
  *   A string containing the name of the scheme, or FALSE if none. For example,
  *   the URI "public://example.txt" would return "public".
  *
  * @see file_uri_target()
  */
 function file_uri_scheme($uri) {
-  $position = strpos($uri, '://');
-  return $position ? substr($uri, 0, $position) : FALSE;
+  if (preg_match('/^([\w\-]+):\/\/|^(data):/', $uri, $matches)) {
+    // The scheme will always be the last element in the matches array.
+    return array_pop($matches);
+  }
+
+  return FALSE;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -312,10 +316,10 @@ function file_stream_wrapper_valid_scheme($scheme) {
 /**
  * Returns the part of a URI after the schema.
  *
- * @param $uri
- *   A stream, referenced as "scheme://target".
+ * @param string $uri
+ *   A stream, referenced as "scheme://target" or "data:target".
  *
- * @return
+ * @return string|bool
  *   A string containing the target (path), or FALSE if none.
  *   For example, the URI "public://sample/test.txt" would return
  *   "sample/test.txt".
@@ -323,10 +327,12 @@ function file_stream_wrapper_valid_scheme($scheme) {
  * @see file_uri_scheme()
  */
 function file_uri_target($uri) {
-  $data = explode('://', $uri, 2);
+  // Remove the scheme from the URI and remove erroneous leading or trailing,
+  // forward-slashes and backslashes.
+  $target = trim(preg_replace('/^[\w\-]+:\/\/|^data:/', '', $uri), '\/');
 
-  // Remove erroneous leading or trailing, forward-slashes and backslashes.
-  return count($data) == 2 ? trim($data[1], '\/') : FALSE;
+  // If nothing was replaced, the URI doesn't have a valid scheme.
+  return $target !== $uri ? $target : FALSE;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -439,11 +445,11 @@ function file_stream_wrapper_get_instance_by_scheme($scheme) {
  * - "shipped files", i.e. those outside of the files directory, which ship as
  *   part of Drupal core or contributed modules or themes.
  *
- * @param $uri
+ * @param string $uri
  *   The URI to a file for which we need an external URL, or the path to a
  *   shipped file.
  *
- * @return
+ * @return string
  *   A string containing a URL that may be used to access the file.
  *   If the provided string already contains a preceding 'http', 'https', or
  *   '/', nothing is done and the same string is returned. If a stream wrapper
@@ -476,9 +482,9 @@ function file_create_url($uri) {
       return $GLOBALS['base_url'] . '/' . UrlHelper::encodePath($uri);
     }
   }
-  elseif ($scheme == 'http' || $scheme == 'https') {
-    // Check for HTTP so that we don't have to implement getExternalUrl() for
-    // the HTTP wrapper.
+  elseif ($scheme == 'http' || $scheme == 'https' || $scheme == 'data') {
+    // Check for HTTP and data URI-encoded URLs so that we don't have to
+    // implement getExternalUrl() for the HTTP and data schemes.
     return $uri;
   }
   else {
diff --git a/core/modules/file/src/Tests/DownloadTest.php b/core/modules/file/src/Tests/DownloadTest.php
index 92ba740..9b58599 100644
--- a/core/modules/file/src/Tests/DownloadTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/file/src/Tests/DownloadTest.php
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ function testFileCreateUrl() {
       $this->checkUrl('public', '', $basename, $base_path . '/' . file_stream_wrapper_get_instance_by_scheme('public')->getDirectoryPath() . '/' . $basename_encoded);
       $this->checkUrl('private', '', $basename, $base_path . '/' . $script_path . 'system/files/' . $basename_encoded);
     }
+    $this->assertEqual(file_create_url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='), 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==', t('Generated URL matches expected URL.'));
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Tests/File/StreamWrapperTest.php b/core/modules/system/src/Tests/File/StreamWrapperTest.php
index 755e988..0c97214 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Tests/File/StreamWrapperTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Tests/File/StreamWrapperTest.php
@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ function testUriFunctions() {
 
     // Test file_uri_target().
     $this->assertEqual(file_uri_target('public://foo/bar.txt'), 'foo/bar.txt', 'Got a valid stream target from public://foo/bar.txt.');
+    $this->assertEqual(file_uri_target('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='), 'image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==', t('Got a valid stream target from a data URI.'));
     $this->assertFalse(file_uri_target('foo/bar.txt'), 'foo/bar.txt is not a valid stream.');
+    $this->assertFalse(file_uri_target('public://'), 'public:// has no target.');
+    $this->assertFalse(file_uri_target('data:'), 'data: has no target.');
 
     // Test file_build_uri() and
     // Drupal\Core\StreamWrapper\LocalStream::getDirectoryPath().
@@ -88,6 +91,8 @@ function testUriFunctions() {
    */
   function testGetValidStreamScheme() {
     $this->assertEqual('foo', file_uri_scheme('foo://pork//chops'), 'Got the correct scheme from foo://asdf');
+    $this->assertEqual('data', file_uri_scheme('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='), 'Got the correct scheme from a data URI.');
+    $this->assertFalse(file_uri_scheme('foo/bar.txt'), 'foo/bar.txt is not a valid stream.');
     $this->assertTrue(file_stream_wrapper_valid_scheme(file_uri_scheme('public://asdf')), 'Got a valid stream scheme from public://asdf');
     $this->assertFalse(file_stream_wrapper_valid_scheme(file_uri_scheme('foo://asdf')), 'Did not get a valid stream scheme from foo://asdf');
   }
diff --git a/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Theme/FunctionsTest.php b/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Theme/FunctionsTest.php
index aac2533..c970553 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Theme/FunctionsTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/src/Tests/Theme/FunctionsTest.php
@@ -382,4 +382,17 @@ function testDrupalPreRenderLinks() {
     $this->assertIdentical(strpos($parent_html, 'First child link'), FALSE, '"First child link" link not found.');
     $this->assertIdentical(strpos($parent_html, 'Third child link'), FALSE, '"Third child link" link not found.');
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests theme_image().
+   */
+  function testImage() {
+    // Test that data URIs work with theme_image().
+    $variables = array();
+    $variables['uri'] = 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';
+    $variables['alt'] = 'Data URI image of a red dot';
+    $expected = '<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="Data URI image of a red dot" />' . "\n";
+    $this->assertThemeOutput('image', $variables, $expected);
+  }
+
 }