diff -u b/core/includes/update.inc b/core/includes/update.inc
--- b/core/includes/update.inc
+++ b/core/includes/update.inc
@@ -1540,10 +1540,10 @@
  * This function can rename one permission to several or even delete an old
  * one.
  *
- * @param $rename
- *   An asssociative array. The keys are the old permissions the values are
- *   a list of new permissions. If the list is an empty array, the old
- *   permission is removed.
+ * @param array $rename
+ *   An associative array. The keys are the old permissions the values are a
+ *   list of new permissions. If the list is an empty array, the old permission
+ *   is removed.
  */
 function update_rename_permissions($rename) {
   $prefix = 'user.role.';
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@
   $role_names = \Drupal::service('config.storage')->listAll($prefix);
   foreach ($role_names as $role_name) {
     $rid = substr($role_name, $cut);
-    $config = config("user.permission.$rid");
+    $config = \Drupal::service('config.factory')->get("user.permission.$rid");
     $permissions = $config->get();
     foreach ($rename as $old_permission => $new_permissions) {
       $key = array_search($old_permission, $permissions);
diff -u b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Upgrade/LanguageUpgradePathTest.php b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Upgrade/LanguageUpgradePathTest.php
--- b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Upgrade/LanguageUpgradePathTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Upgrade/LanguageUpgradePathTest.php
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
     ))->execute();
 
     $this->assertTrue($this->performUpgrade(), 'The upgrade was completed successfully.');
-    $this->assertFalse(user_roles(FALSE, 'translate content'), 'No translate content role left on database.');
+    $this->assertFalse(user_roles(FALSE, 'translate content'), 'No translate content role left in config.');
     // Check that translate content has been renamed to translate all content.
     $this->assertTrue(user_roles(FALSE, 'translate all content'), 'Rename role translate content to translate all content was completed successfully.');
   }
diff -u b/core/modules/system/system.install b/core/modules/system/system.install
--- b/core/modules/system/system.install
+++ b/core/modules/system/system.install
@@ -1614,7 +1614,7 @@
     update_rename_permissions(array(
       'block IP addresses' => array('ban IP addresses'),
     ));
-    config('user.permission.module')
+    config('user.module.permission')
       ->set("ban.ban IP addresses", TRUE)
       ->save();
     // Rename {blocked_ips} table into {ban_ip}.
diff -u b/core/modules/user/lib/Drupal/user/Plugin/views/filter/Permissions.php b/core/modules/user/lib/Drupal/user/Plugin/views/filter/Permissions.php
--- b/core/modules/user/lib/Drupal/user/Plugin/views/filter/Permissions.php
+++ b/core/modules/user/lib/Drupal/user/Plugin/views/filter/Permissions.php
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
   public function query() {
     // @todo user_role_names() should maybe support multiple permissions.
     $rids = array();
+    // Get all roles, that have the configured permissions.
     foreach ($this->value as $permission) {
       $roles = user_role_names(FALSE, $permission);
       $rids += array_keys($roles);
diff -u b/core/modules/user/user.module b/core/modules/user/user.module
--- b/core/modules/user/user.module
+++ b/core/modules/user/user.module
@@ -1925,7 +1925,7 @@
     ->save();
   // @TODO: remove.
   $modules = user_permission_get_modules();
-  $config = config('user.permission.module');
+  $config = config('user.module.permission');
   foreach ($modules as $permission => $module) {
     $config->set("$module.$permission", TRUE);
   }
@@ -2566,7 +2566,7 @@
  * Implements hook_modules_uninstalled().
  */
 function user_modules_uninstalled($modules) {
-  $config = config('user.permission.module');
+  $config = config('user.module.permission');
   $permissions_to_remove = array();
   foreach ($modules as $module) {
     $permissions_to_remove += (array) $config->get($module);