diff --git a/core/includes/bootstrap.inc b/core/includes/bootstrap.inc
index e173a95..15d8245 100644
--- a/core/includes/bootstrap.inc
+++ b/core/includes/bootstrap.inc
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ function drupal_serve_page_from_cache(stdClass $cache) {
   $config = config('system.performance');
 
   // Negotiate whether to use compression.
-  $page_compression = $config->get('page_compression') && extension_loaded('zlib');
+  $page_compression = $config->get('response.gzip') && extension_loaded('zlib');
   $return_compressed = $page_compression && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE;
 
   // Get headers set in hook_boot(). Keys are lower-case.
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ function drupal_serve_page_from_cache(stdClass $cache) {
   // max-age > 0, allowing the page to be cached by external proxies, when a
   // session cookie is present unless the Vary header has been replaced or
   // unset in hook_boot().
-  $max_age = !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) || isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) ? $config->get('page_cache_maximum_age') : 0;
+  $max_age = !isset($_COOKIE[session_name()]) || isset($hook_boot_headers['vary']) ? $config->get('cache.page.max_age') : 0;
   $default_headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=' . $max_age;
 
   // Entity tag should change if the output changes.
@@ -2268,7 +2268,7 @@ function _drupal_bootstrap_page_cache() {
   else {
     drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_VARIABLES, FALSE);
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $cache_enabled = $config->get('cache');
+    $cache_enabled = $config->get('cache.page.enabled');
   }
   drupal_block_denied(ip_address());
   // If there is no session cookie and cache is enabled (or forced), try
diff --git a/core/includes/common.inc b/core/includes/common.inc
index 17e1363..38c8985 100644
--- a/core/includes/common.inc
+++ b/core/includes/common.inc
@@ -2935,7 +2935,7 @@ function drupal_aggregate_css(&$css_groups) {
   }
   else {
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $preprocess_css = $config->get('preprocess_css');
+    $preprocess_css = $config->get('preprocess.css');
   }
 
   // For each group that needs aggregation, aggregate its items.
@@ -4207,7 +4207,7 @@ function drupal_aggregate_js(&$js_groups) {
   }
   else {
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $preprocess_js = $config->get('preprocess_js');
+    $preprocess_js = $config->get('preprocess.js');
   }
 
   if ($preprocess_js) {
@@ -4998,7 +4998,7 @@ function drupal_page_set_cache($body) {
     }
 
     if ($cache->data['body']) {
-      if (config('system.performance')->get('page_compression') && extension_loaded('zlib')) {
+      if (config('system.performance')->get('response.gzip') && extension_loaded('zlib')) {
         $cache->data['body'] = gzencode($cache->data['body'], 9, FORCE_GZIP);
       }
       cache('page')->set($cache->cid, $cache->data, $cache->expire, $cache->tags);
diff --git a/core/includes/form.inc b/core/includes/form.inc
index 9aa8be9..362d0d5 100644
--- a/core/includes/form.inc
+++ b/core/includes/form.inc
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ function drupal_process_form($form_id, &$form, &$form_state) {
       // here, as we've finished with them. The in-memory copies are still
       // here, though.
       $config = config('system.performance');
-      if (!$config->get('cache') && !empty($form_state['values']['form_build_id'])) {
+      if (!$config->get('cache.page.enabled') && !empty($form_state['values']['form_build_id'])) {
         cache('form')->delete('form_' . $form_state['values']['form_build_id']);
         cache('form')->delete('form_state_' . $form_state['values']['form_build_id']);
       }
diff --git a/core/modules/color/lib/Drupal/color/Tests/ColorTest.php b/core/modules/color/lib/Drupal/color/Tests/ColorTest.php
index 3a46916..8902d4c 100644
--- a/core/modules/color/lib/Drupal/color/Tests/ColorTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/color/lib/Drupal/color/Tests/ColorTest.php
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class ColorTest extends WebTestBase {
 
     // Test with aggregated CSS turned on.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('preprocess_css', 1);
+    $config->set('preprocess.css', 1);
     $config->save();
     $this->drupalGet('<front>');
     $stylesheets = variable_get('drupal_css_cache_files', array());
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class ColorTest extends WebTestBase {
       $stylesheet_content .= join("\n", file(drupal_realpath($uri)));
     }
     $this->assertTrue(strpos($stylesheet_content, 'public://') === FALSE, 'Make sure the color paths have been translated to local paths. (' . $theme . ')');
-    $config->set('preprocess_css', 0);
+    $config->set('preprocess.css', 0);
     $config->save();
   }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/poll/lib/Drupal/poll/Tests/PollVoteCheckHostnameTest.php b/core/modules/poll/lib/Drupal/poll/Tests/PollVoteCheckHostnameTest.php
index 9357331..61e83c0 100644
--- a/core/modules/poll/lib/Drupal/poll/Tests/PollVoteCheckHostnameTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/poll/lib/Drupal/poll/Tests/PollVoteCheckHostnameTest.php
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class PollVoteCheckHostnameTest extends PollTestBase {
     // Enable page cache to verify that the result page is not saved in the
     // cache when anonymous voting is allowed.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
 
     // Create poll.
diff --git a/core/modules/statistics/lib/Drupal/statistics/Tests/StatisticsLoggingTest.php b/core/modules/statistics/lib/Drupal/statistics/Tests/StatisticsLoggingTest.php
index cb0a08e..7526afb 100644
--- a/core/modules/statistics/lib/Drupal/statistics/Tests/StatisticsLoggingTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/statistics/lib/Drupal/statistics/Tests/StatisticsLoggingTest.php
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class StatisticsLoggingTest extends WebTestBase {
 
     // Enable page caching.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
 
     // Enable access logging.
diff --git a/core/modules/system/config/system.performance.yml b/core/modules/system/config/system.performance.yml
index 8629f75..f73c09f 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/config/system.performance.yml
+++ b/core/modules/system/config/system.performance.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-cache: '0'
-page_cache_maximum_age: '0'
-page_compression: '1'
-preprocess_css: '0'
-preprocess_js: '0'
+cache:
+    page:
+        enabled: '0'
+        max_age: '0'
+preprocess:
+    css: '0'
+    js: '0'
+response:
+    gzip: '0'
diff --git a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/HookBootExitTest.php b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/HookBootExitTest.php
index e75dada..3c43487 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/HookBootExitTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/HookBootExitTest.php
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class HookBootExitTest extends WebTestBase {
   function testHookBootExit() {
     // Test with cache disabled. Boot and exit should always fire.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 0);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 0);
     $config->save();
 
     $this->drupalGet('');
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class HookBootExitTest extends WebTestBase {
     $this->assertEqual(db_query('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {watchdog} WHERE type = :type AND message = :message', array(':type' => 'system_test', ':message' => 'hook_exit'))->fetchField(), $calls, t('hook_exit called with disabled cache.'));
 
     // Test with normal cache. Boot and exit should be called.
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
     $this->drupalGet('');
     $calls++;
diff --git a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/PageCacheTest.php b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/PageCacheTest.php
index 91543b9..d4c1a3b 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/PageCacheTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Bootstrap/PageCacheTest.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class PageCacheTest extends WebTestBase {
    */
   function testConditionalRequests() {
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
 
     // Fill the cache.
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class PageCacheTest extends WebTestBase {
    */
   function testPageCache() {
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
 
     // Fill the cache.
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class PageCacheTest extends WebTestBase {
    */
   function testPageCompression() {
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
 
     // Fill the cache and verify that output is compressed.
diff --git a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Common/JavaScriptTest.php b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Common/JavaScriptTest.php
index 1b07174..b43e3fb 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Common/JavaScriptTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Common/JavaScriptTest.php
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class JavaScriptTest extends WebTestBase {
 
     // Disable preprocessing
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $this->preprocess_js = $config->get('preprocess_js');
-    $config->set('preprocess_js', 0);
+    $this->preprocess_js = $config->get('preprocess.js');
+    $config->set('preprocess.js', 0);
     $config->save();
 
     // Reset drupal_add_js() and drupal_add_library() statics before each test.
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class JavaScriptTest extends WebTestBase {
   function tearDown() {
     // Restore configured value for JavaScript preprocessing.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('preprocess_js', $this->preprocess_js);
+    $config->set('preprocess.js', $this->preprocess_js);
     $config->save();
     parent::tearDown();
   }
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ class JavaScriptTest extends WebTestBase {
     // 'every_page' files, and one file is made for the others.
     drupal_static_reset('drupal_add_js');
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('preprocess_js', 1);
+    $config->set('preprocess.js', 1);
     $config->save();
     drupal_add_js('core/misc/ajax.js');
     drupal_add_js('core/misc/collapse.js', array('every_page' => TRUE));
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ class JavaScriptTest extends WebTestBase {
    */
   function testAggregationOrder() {
     // Enable JavaScript aggregation.
-    config('system.performance')->set('preprocess_js', 1)->save();
+    config('system.performance')->set('preprocess.js', 1)->save();
     drupal_static_reset('drupal_add_js');
 
     // Add two JavaScript files to the current request and build the cache.
diff --git a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Session/SessionTest.php b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Session/SessionTest.php
index 1a523e4..0abefb5 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Session/SessionTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Session/SessionTest.php
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class SessionTest extends WebTestBase {
 
     // The same behavior is expected when caching is enabled.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('cache', 1);
+    $config->set('cache.page.enabled', 1);
     $config->save();
     $this->drupalGet('');
     $this->assertSessionCookie(FALSE);
diff --git a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Theme/ThemeTest.php b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Theme/ThemeTest.php
index 29bfee1..484d00b 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Theme/ThemeTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/system/lib/Drupal/system/Tests/Theme/ThemeTest.php
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ThemeTest extends WebTestBase {
     // so it doesn't matter what page we get, as long as it is themed with the
     // test theme. First we test with CSS aggregation disabled.
     $config = config('system.performance');
-    $config->set('preprocess_css', 0);
+    $config->set('preprocess.css', 0);
     $config->save();
     $this->drupalGet('theme-test/suggestion');
     $this->assertNoText('system.base.css', t('The theme\'s .info file is able to override a module CSS file from being added to the page.'));
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ class ThemeTest extends WebTestBase {
     // triggered during drupal_build_css_cache() when a source file doesn't
     // exist. Then allow remaining tests to continue with aggregation disabled
     // by default.
-    $config->set('preprocess_css', 1);
+    $config->set('preprocess.css', 1);
     $config->save();
     $this->drupalGet('theme-test/suggestion');
-    $config->set('preprocess_css', 0);
+    $config->set('preprocess.css', 0);
     $config->save();
   }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/system/system.admin.inc b/core/modules/system/system.admin.inc
index 8aa3ed4..72c50d4 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/system.admin.inc
+++ b/core/modules/system/system.admin.inc
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ function system_performance_settings($form, &$form_state) {
   $form['caching']['cache'] = array(
     '#type' => 'checkbox',
     '#title' => t('Cache pages for anonymous users'),
-    '#default_value' => $config->get('cache'),
+    '#default_value' => $config->get('cache.page.enabled'),
     '#weight' => -2,
   );
 
@@ -1727,7 +1727,7 @@ function system_performance_settings($form, &$form_state) {
   $form['caching']['page_cache_maximum_age'] = array(
     '#type' => 'select',
     '#title' => t('Expiration of cached pages'),
-    '#default_value' => $config->get('page_cache_maximum_age'),
+    '#default_value' => $config->get('cache.page.max_age'),
     '#options' => $period,
     '#description' => t('The maximum time an external cache can use an old version of a page.'),
   );
@@ -1746,24 +1746,24 @@ function system_performance_settings($form, &$form_state) {
     '#description' => t('External resources can be optimized automatically, which can reduce both the size and number of requests made to your website.') . $disabled_message,
   );
 
-  $js_hide = $config->get('cache') ? '' : ' class="js-hide"';
+  $js_hide = $config->get('cache.page.enabled') ? '' : ' class="js-hide"';
   $form['bandwidth_optimization']['page_compression'] = array(
     '#type' => 'checkbox',
     '#title' => t('Compress cached pages.'),
-    '#default_value' => $config->get('page_compression'),
+    '#default_value' => $config->get('response.gzip'),
     '#prefix' => '<div id="page-compression-wrapper"' . $js_hide . '>',
     '#suffix' => '</div>',
   );
   $form['bandwidth_optimization']['preprocess_css'] = array(
     '#type' => 'checkbox',
     '#title' => t('Aggregate and compress CSS files.'),
-    '#default_value' => $config->get('preprocess_css'),
+    '#default_value' => $config->get('preprocess.css'),
     '#disabled' => $disabled,
   );
   $form['bandwidth_optimization']['preprocess_js'] = array(
     '#type' => 'checkbox',
     '#title' => t('Aggregate JavaScript files.'),
-    '#default_value' => $config->get('preprocess_js'),
+    '#default_value' => $config->get('preprocess.js'),
     '#disabled' => $disabled,
   );
 
@@ -1784,11 +1784,11 @@ function system_performance_settings($form, &$form_state) {
  */
 function system_performance_settings_submit($form, &$form_state) {
   $config = config('system.performance');
-  $config->set('cache', $form_state['values']['cache']);
-  $config->set('page_cache_maximum_age', $form_state['values']['page_cache_maximum_age']);
-  $config->set('page_compression', $form_state['values']['page_compression']);
-  $config->set('preprocess_css', $form_state['values']['preprocess_css']);
-  $config->set('preprocess_js', $form_state['values']['preprocess_js']);
+  $config->set('cache.page.enabled', $form_state['values']['cache']);
+  $config->set('cache.page.max_age', $form_state['values']['page_cache_maximum_age']);
+  $config->set('response.gzip', $form_state['values']['page_compression']);
+  $config->set('preprocess.css', $form_state['values']['preprocess_css']);
+  $config->set('preprocess.js', $form_state['values']['preprocess_js']);
   $config->save();
 }
 
diff --git a/core/modules/system/system.install b/core/modules/system/system.install
index 0e42214..b8d402c 100644
--- a/core/modules/system/system.install
+++ b/core/modules/system/system.install
@@ -2047,6 +2047,21 @@ function system_update_8016() {
 }
 
 /**
+ * Moves system performance settings from variable to config.
+ *
+ * @ingroup config_upgrade
+ */
+function system_update_8017() {
+  update_variables_to_config('system.site', array(
+    'cache' => 'cache.page.enabled',
+    'page_cache_maximum_age' => 'cache.page.max_age',
+    'page_compression' => 'response.gzip',
+    'preprocess_css' => 'preprocess.css',
+    'preprocess_js' => 'preprocess.js',
+  ));
+}
+
+/**
  * @} End of "defgroup updates-7.x-to-8.x".
  * The next series of updates should start at 9000.
  */