diff --git a/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldTestBase.php b/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldTestBase.php
index a26e464..4dcdb17 100644
--- a/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldTestBase.php
+++ b/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldTestBase.php
@@ -66,14 +66,15 @@ function getLastFileId() {
    *   A list of widget settings that will be added to the widget defaults.
    */
   function createFileField($name, $type_name, $field_settings = array(), $instance_settings = array(), $widget_settings = array()) {
-    $field = array(
+    $field_definition = array(
       'field_name' => $name,
       'type' => 'file',
       'settings' => array(),
       'cardinality' => !empty($field_settings['cardinality']) ? $field_settings['cardinality'] : 1,
     );
-    $field['settings'] = array_merge($field['settings'], $field_settings);
-    $field = field_create_field($field);
+    $field_definition['settings'] = array_merge($field_definition['settings'], $field_settings);
+    $field = entity_create('field_entity', $field_definition);
+    $field->save();
 
     $this->attachFileField($name, 'node', $type_name, $instance_settings, $widget_settings);
     return $field;
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ function attachFileField($name, $entity_type, $bundle, $instance_settings = arra
       'settings' => array(),
     );
     $instance['settings'] = array_merge($instance['settings'], $instance_settings);
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    entity_create('field_instance', $instance)->save();
 
     entity_get_form_display($entity_type, $bundle, 'default')
       ->setComponent($name, array(
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ function updateFileField($name, $type_name, $instance_settings = array(), $widge
     $instance = field_info_instance('node', $name, $type_name);
     $instance['settings'] = array_merge($instance['settings'], $instance_settings);
 
-    field_update_instance($instance);
+    $instance->save();
 
     entity_get_form_display($instance['entity_type'], $instance['bundle'], 'default')
       ->setComponent($instance['field_name'], array(
@@ -237,4 +238,5 @@ function assertFileIsPermanent($file, $message = NULL) {
     $message = isset($message) ? $message : t('File %file is permanent.', array('%file' => $file->uri));
     $this->assertTrue($file->status == FILE_STATUS_PERMANENT, $message);
   }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldValidateTest.php b/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldValidateTest.php
index 403ef45..d96b1b6 100644
--- a/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldValidateTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileFieldValidateTest.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function testRequired() {
     $this->assertFileEntryExists($node_file, t('File entry exists after uploading to the required field.'));
 
     // Try again with a multiple value field.
-    field_delete_field($field_name);
+    $field->delete();
     $this->createFileField($field_name, $type_name, array('cardinality' => FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED), array('required' => '1'));
 
     // Try to post a new node without uploading a file in the multivalue field.
@@ -153,4 +153,5 @@ function testFileExtension() {
     $this->assertFileExists($node_file, t('File exists after uploading a file with extension checking.'));
     $this->assertFileEntryExists($node_file, t('File entry exists after uploading a file with extension checking.'));
   }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileItemTest.php b/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileItemTest.php
index 2ec9dfa..d7616c1 100644
--- a/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileItemTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/file/lib/Drupal/file/Tests/FileItemTest.php
@@ -44,18 +44,16 @@ public function setUp() {
     $this->installSchema('file', 'file_managed');
     $this->installSchema('file', 'file_usage');
 
-    $field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => 'file_test',
       'type' => 'file',
       'cardinality' => FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED,
-    );
-    field_create_field($field);
-    $instance = array(
+    ))->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'field_name' => 'file_test',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    ))->save();
     file_put_contents('public://example.txt', $this->randomName());
     $this->file = entity_create('file', array(
       'uri' => 'public://example.txt',
diff --git a/core/modules/forum/forum.install b/core/modules/forum/forum.install
index a6641a2..f90b966 100644
--- a/core/modules/forum/forum.install
+++ b/core/modules/forum/forum.install
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ function forum_enable() {
   // is being enabled at the same time as taxonomy after both modules have been
   // enabled, the field might exist but still be marked inactive.
   if (!field_read_field('taxonomy_forums', array('include_inactive' => TRUE))) {
-    $field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => 'taxonomy_forums',
       'type' => 'taxonomy_term_reference',
       'settings' => array(
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ function forum_enable() {
           ),
         ),
       ),
-    );
-    field_create_field($field);
+    ))->save();
 
     // Create a default forum so forum posts can be created.
     $term = entity_create('taxonomy_term', array(
@@ -78,14 +77,13 @@ function forum_enable() {
     $term->save();
 
     // Create the instance on the bundle.
-    $instance = array(
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'field_name' => 'taxonomy_forums',
       'entity_type' => 'node',
       'label' => $vocabulary->name,
       'bundle' => 'forum',
       'required' => TRUE,
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    ))->save();
 
     // Assign form display settings for the 'default' form mode.
     entity_get_form_display('node', 'forum', 'default')
@@ -124,7 +122,7 @@ function forum_uninstall() {
 
   variable_del('node_options_forum');
 
-  field_delete_field('taxonomy_forums');
+  field_info_field('taxonomy_forums')->delete();
   // Purge field data now to allow taxonomy module to be uninstalled
   // if this is the only field remaining.
   field_purge_batch(10);
diff --git a/core/modules/hal/lib/Drupal/hal/Tests/NormalizerTestBase.php b/core/modules/hal/lib/Drupal/hal/Tests/NormalizerTestBase.php
index 2d73a24..ae7e582 100644
--- a/core/modules/hal/lib/Drupal/hal/Tests/NormalizerTestBase.php
+++ b/core/modules/hal/lib/Drupal/hal/Tests/NormalizerTestBase.php
@@ -78,49 +78,43 @@ function setUp() {
     language_save($german);
 
     // Create the test text field.
-    $field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => 'field_test_text',
       'type' => 'text',
       'translatable' => FALSE,
-    );
-    field_create_field($field);
-    $instance = array(
+    ))->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'field_name' => 'field_test_text',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    ))->save();
 
     // Create the test translatable field.
-    $field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => 'field_test_translatable_text',
       'type' => 'text',
       'translatable' => TRUE,
-    );
-    field_create_field($field);
-    $instance = array(
+    ))->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'field_name' => 'field_test_translatable_text',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    ))->save();
 
     // Create the test entity reference field.
-    $field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'translatable' => TRUE,
       'settings' => array(
         'target_type' => 'entity_test',
       ),
       'field_name' => 'field_test_entity_reference',
       'type' => 'entity_reference',
-    );
-    field_create_field($field);
-    $instance = array(
+    ))->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'field_name' => 'field_test_entity_reference',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    ))->save();
 
     // Set up the mock serializer.
     $normalizers = array(
diff --git a/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldDefaultImagesTest.php b/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldDefaultImagesTest.php
index 78a957f..4db47eb 100644
--- a/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldDefaultImagesTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldDefaultImagesTest.php
@@ -51,30 +51,28 @@ function testDefaultImages() {
     $widget_settings = array(
       'preview_image_style' => 'medium',
     );
-    $this->createImageField($field_name, 'article', $field_settings, $instance_settings, $widget_settings);
+    $instance = $this->createImageField($field_name, 'article', $field_settings, $instance_settings, $widget_settings);
     $field = field_info_field($field_name);
-    $instance = field_info_instance('node', $field_name, 'article');
 
     // Add another instance with another default image to the page content type.
-    $instance2 = array(
-      'field_name' => $field['field_name'],
+    $instance2 = entity_create('field_instance', array(
+      'field_name' => $field->id(),
       'entity_type' => 'node',
       'bundle' => 'page',
-      'label' => $instance['label'],
-      'required' => $instance['required'],
+      'label' => $instance->id(),
+      'required' => $instance->required,
       'settings' => array(
         'default_image' => $default_images['instance2']->fid,
       ),
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance2);
-    $instance2 = field_info_instance('node', $field_name, 'page');
+    ));
+    $instance2->save();
 
     $widget_settings = entity_get_form_display($instance['entity_type'], $instance['bundle'], 'default')->getComponent($field['field_name']);
     entity_get_form_display('node', 'page', 'default')
-      ->setComponent($field['field_name'], $widget_settings)
+      ->setComponent($field->id(), $widget_settings)
       ->save();
     entity_get_display('node', 'page', 'default')
-      ->setComponent($field['field_name'])
+      ->setComponent($field->id())
       ->save();
 
     // Confirm the defaults are present on the article field settings form.
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ function testDefaultImages() {
 
     // Upload a new default for the field.
     $field['settings']['default_image'] = array($default_images['field_new']->fid);
-    field_update_field($field);
+    $field->save();
 
     // Confirm that the new default is used on the article field settings form.
     $this->drupalGet("admin/structure/types/manage/article/fields/$instance->id/field");
@@ -180,7 +178,7 @@ function testDefaultImages() {
 
     // Upload a new default for the article's field instance.
     $instance['settings']['default_image'] = $default_images['instance_new']->fid;
-    field_update_instance($instance);
+    $instance->save();
 
     // Confirm the new field instance default is used on the article field
     // admin form.
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ function testDefaultImages() {
 
     // Remove the instance default from articles.
     $instance['settings']['default_image'] = 0;
-    field_update_instance($instance);
+    $instance->save();
 
     // Confirm the article field instance default has been removed.
     $this->drupalGet("admin/structure/types/manage/article/fields/$instance->id");
@@ -251,4 +249,5 @@ function testDefaultImages() {
       )
     );
   }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldTestBase.php b/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldTestBase.php
index b670741..3b9be9f 100644
--- a/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldTestBase.php
+++ b/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageFieldTestBase.php
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ function createImageField($name, $type_name, $field_settings = array(), $instanc
       'cardinality' => !empty($field_settings['cardinality']) ? $field_settings['cardinality'] : 1,
     );
     $field['settings'] = array_merge($field['settings'], $field_settings);
-    field_create_field($field);
+    entity_create('field_entity', $field)->save();
 
     $instance = array(
       'field_name' => $field['field_name'],
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ function createImageField($name, $type_name, $field_settings = array(), $instanc
       'settings' => array(),
     );
     $instance['settings'] = array_merge($instance['settings'], $instance_settings);
-    $field_instance = field_create_instance($instance);
+    $field_instance = entity_create('field_instance', $instance);
+    $field_instance->save();
 
     entity_get_form_display('node', $type_name, 'default')
       ->setComponent($field['field_name'], array(
@@ -127,4 +128,5 @@ function uploadNodeImage($image, $field_name, $type) {
     preg_match('/node\/([0-9]+)/', $this->getUrl(), $matches);
     return isset($matches[1]) ? $matches[1] : FALSE;
   }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageItemTest.php b/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageItemTest.php
index 9cb28cb..7744e0b 100644
--- a/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageItemTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/image/lib/Drupal/image/Tests/ImageItemTest.php
@@ -43,18 +43,16 @@ public function setUp() {
 
     $this->installSchema('file', array('file_managed', 'file_usage'));
 
-    $field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => 'image_test',
       'type' => 'image',
       'cardinality' => FIELD_CARDINALITY_UNLIMITED,
-    );
-    field_create_field($field);
-    $instance = array(
+    ))->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'field_name' => 'image_test',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($instance);
+    ))->save();
     file_unmanaged_copy(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/core/misc/druplicon.png', 'public://example.jpg');
     $this->image = entity_create('file', array(
       'uri' => 'public://example.jpg',
diff --git a/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkFieldTest.php b/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkFieldTest.php
index 6e85b85..8849ccd 100644
--- a/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkFieldTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkFieldTest.php
@@ -22,6 +22,27 @@ class LinkFieldTest extends WebTestBase {
    */
   public static $modules = array('entity_test', 'link');
 
+  /**
+   * A field to use in this test class.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\field\Plugin\Core\Entity\Field
+   */
+  protected $field;
+
+  /**
+   * The instance used in this test class.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\field\Plugin\Core\Entity\FieldInstance
+   */
+  protected $instance;
+
+  /**
+   * A user with permission to view and manage test entities.
+   *
+   * @var object
+   */
+  protected $web_user;
+
   public static function getInfo() {
     return array(
       'name' => 'Link field',
@@ -44,23 +65,23 @@ function setUp() {
    * Tests link field URL validation.
    */
   function testURLValidation() {
+    $field_name = $this->field->id();
     // Create a field with settings to validate.
-    $this->field = array(
+    $this->field = entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => drupal_strtolower($this->randomName()),
       'type' => 'link',
-    );
-    field_create_field($this->field);
-    $this->instance = array(
-      'field_name' => $this->field['field_name'],
+    ));
+    $this->field->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
+      'field_name' => $field_name,
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
       'settings' => array(
         'title' => DRUPAL_DISABLED,
       ),
-    );
-    field_create_instance($this->instance);
+    ))->save();
     entity_get_form_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'default')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], array(
+      ->setComponent($field_name, array(
         'type' => 'link_default',
         'settings' => array(
           'placeholder_url' => 'http://example.com',
@@ -68,7 +89,7 @@ function testURLValidation() {
       ))
       ->save();
     entity_get_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'full')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], array(
+      ->setComponent($field_name, array(
         'type' => 'link',
       ))
       ->save();
@@ -77,7 +98,7 @@ function testURLValidation() {
 
     // Display creation form.
     $this->drupalGet('entity_test/add');
-    $this->assertFieldByName("{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]", '', 'Link URL field is displayed');
+    $this->assertFieldByName("{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]", '', 'Link URL field is displayed');
     $this->assertRaw('placeholder="http://example.com"');
 
     // Verify that a valid URL can be submitted.
@@ -85,7 +106,7 @@ function testURLValidation() {
     $edit = array(
       'user_id' => 1,
       'name' => $this->randomName(),
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => $value,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => $value,
     );
     $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
     preg_match('|entity_test/manage/(\d+)/edit|', $this->url, $match);
@@ -107,7 +128,7 @@ function testURLValidation() {
       $edit = array(
         'user_id' => 1,
         'name' => $this->randomName(),
-        "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => $invalid_value,
+        "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => $invalid_value,
       );
       $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
       $this->assertText(t('The URL @url is not valid.', array('@url' => $invalid_value)));
@@ -118,24 +139,25 @@ function testURLValidation() {
    * Tests the link title settings of a link field.
    */
   function testLinkTitle() {
+    $field_name = $this->field->id();
     // Create a field with settings to validate.
-    $this->field = array(
+    $this->field = entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => drupal_strtolower($this->randomName()),
       'type' => 'link',
-    );
-    field_create_field($this->field);
-    $this->instance = array(
-      'field_name' => $this->field['field_name'],
+    ));
+    $this->field->save();
+    $this->instance = entity_create('field_instance', array(
+      'field_name' => $field_name,
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
       'label' => 'Read more about this entity',
       'settings' => array(
         'title' => DRUPAL_OPTIONAL,
       ),
-    );
-    field_create_instance($this->instance);
+    ));
+    $this->instance->save();
     entity_get_form_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'default')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], array(
+      ->setComponent($field_name, array(
         'type' => 'link_default',
         'settings' => array(
           'placeholder_url' => 'http://example.com',
@@ -144,7 +166,7 @@ function testLinkTitle() {
       ))
       ->save();
     entity_get_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'full')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], array(
+      ->setComponent($field_name, array(
         'type' => 'link',
         'label' => 'hidden',
       ))
@@ -155,35 +177,35 @@ function testLinkTitle() {
     // Verify that the link text field works according to the field setting.
     foreach (array(DRUPAL_DISABLED, DRUPAL_REQUIRED, DRUPAL_OPTIONAL) as $title_setting) {
       // Update the link title field setting.
-      $this->instance['settings']['title'] = $title_setting;
-      field_update_instance($this->instance);
+      $this->instance->settings['title'] = $title_setting;
+      $this->instance->save();
 
       // Display creation form.
       $this->drupalGet('entity_test/add');
       // Assert label is shown.
       $this->assertText('Read more about this entity');
-      $this->assertFieldByName("{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]", '', 'URL field found.');
+      $this->assertFieldByName("{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]", '', 'URL field found.');
       $this->assertRaw('placeholder="http://example.com"');
 
       if ($title_setting === DRUPAL_DISABLED) {
-        $this->assertNoFieldByName("{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][title]", '', 'Link text field not found.');
+        $this->assertNoFieldByName("{$field_name}[$langcode][0][title]", '', 'Link text field not found.');
         $this->assertNoRaw('placeholder="Enter the text for this link"');
       }
       else {
         $this->assertRaw('placeholder="Enter the text for this link"');
 
-        $this->assertFieldByName("{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][title]", '', 'Link text field found.');
+        $this->assertFieldByName("{$field_name}[$langcode][0][title]", '', 'Link text field found.');
         if ($title_setting === DRUPAL_REQUIRED) {
           // Verify that the link text is required, if the URL is non-empty.
           $edit = array(
-            "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => 'http://www.example.com',
+            "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => 'http://www.example.com',
           );
           $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
           $this->assertText(t('!name field is required.', array('!name' => t('Link text'))));
 
           // Verify that the link text is not required, if the URL is empty.
           $edit = array(
-            "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => '',
+            "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => '',
           );
           $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
           $this->assertNoText(t('!name field is required.', array('!name' => t('Link text'))));
@@ -191,8 +213,8 @@ function testLinkTitle() {
           // Verify that a URL and link text meets requirements.
           $this->drupalGet('entity_test/add');
           $edit = array(
-            "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => 'http://www.example.com',
-            "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][title]" => 'Example',
+            "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => 'http://www.example.com',
+            "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][title]" => 'Example',
           );
           $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
           $this->assertNoText(t('!name field is required.', array('!name' => t('Link text'))));
@@ -205,8 +227,8 @@ function testLinkTitle() {
     $edit = array(
       'user_id' => 1,
       'name' => $this->randomName(),
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => $value,
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][title]" => '',
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => $value,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][title]" => '',
     );
     $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
     preg_match('|entity_test/manage/(\d+)/edit|', $this->url, $match);
@@ -222,7 +244,7 @@ function testLinkTitle() {
     $edit = array(
       'user_id' => 1,
       'name' => $this->randomName(),
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][title]" => $title,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][title]" => $title,
     );
     $this->drupalPost("entity_test/manage/$id/edit", $edit, t('Save'));
     $this->assertText(t('entity_test @id has been updated.', array('@id' => $id)));
@@ -236,34 +258,34 @@ function testLinkTitle() {
    * Tests the default 'link' formatter.
    */
   function testLinkFormatter() {
+    $field_name = $this->field->id();
     // Create a field with settings to validate.
-    $this->field = array(
+    $this->field = entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => drupal_strtolower($this->randomName()),
       'type' => 'link',
       'cardinality' => 2,
-    );
-    field_create_field($this->field);
-    $this->instance = array(
-      'field_name' => $this->field['field_name'],
+    ));
+    $this->field->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
+      'field_name' => $field_name,
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'label' => 'Read more about this entity',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
       'settings' => array(
         'title' => DRUPAL_OPTIONAL,
       ),
-    );
-    $display_options = array(
-      'type' => 'link',
-      'label' => 'hidden',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($this->instance);
+    ))->save();
     entity_get_form_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'default')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], array(
+      ->setComponent($field_name, array(
         'type' => 'link_default',
       ))
       ->save();
+    $display_options = array(
+      'type' => 'link',
+      'label' => 'hidden',
+    );
     entity_get_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'full')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], $display_options)
+      ->setComponent($field_name, $display_options)
       ->save();
 
     $langcode = Language::LANGCODE_NOT_SPECIFIED;
@@ -282,11 +304,11 @@ function testLinkFormatter() {
     $edit = array(
       'user_id' => 1,
       'name' => $this->randomName(),
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => $url1,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => $url1,
       // Note that $title1 is not submitted.
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][title]" => '',
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][1][url]" => $url2,
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][1][title]" => $title2,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][title]" => '',
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][1][url]" => $url2,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][1][title]" => $title2,
     );
     // Assert label is shown.
     $this->assertText('Read more about this entity');
@@ -321,7 +343,7 @@ function testLinkFormatter() {
           $display_options['settings'] = $new_value;
         }
         entity_get_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'full')
-          ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], $display_options)
+          ->setComponent($field_name, $display_options)
           ->save();
 
         $this->renderTestEntity($id);
@@ -379,33 +401,33 @@ function testLinkFormatter() {
    * merged, since they involve different configuration and output.
    */
   function testLinkSeparateFormatter() {
+    $field_name = $this->field->id();
     // Create a field with settings to validate.
-    $this->field = array(
+    $this->field = entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => drupal_strtolower($this->randomName()),
       'type' => 'link',
       'cardinality' => 2,
-    );
-    field_create_field($this->field);
-    $this->instance = array(
-      'field_name' => $this->field['field_name'],
+    ));
+    $this->field->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
+      'field_name' => $field_name,
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
       'settings' => array(
         'title' => DRUPAL_OPTIONAL,
       ),
-    );
+    ))->save();
     $display_options = array(
       'type' => 'link_separate',
       'label' => 'hidden',
     );
-    field_create_instance($this->instance);
     entity_get_form_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'default')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], array(
+      ->setComponent($field_name, array(
         'type' => 'link_default',
       ))
       ->save();
     entity_get_display('entity_test', 'entity_test', 'full')
-      ->setComponent($this->field['field_name'], $display_options)
+      ->setComponent($field_name, $display_options)
       ->save();
 
     $langcode = Language::LANGCODE_NOT_SPECIFIED;
@@ -423,9 +445,9 @@ function testLinkSeparateFormatter() {
     $edit = array(
       'user_id' => 1,
       'name' => $this->randomName(),
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][0][url]" => $url1,
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][1][url]" => $url2,
-      "{$this->field['field_name']}[$langcode][1][title]" => $title2,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][0][url]" => $url1,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][1][url]" => $url2,
+      "{$field_name}[$langcode][1][title]" => $title2,
     );
     $this->drupalPost(NULL, $edit, t('Save'));
     preg_match('|entity_test/manage/(\d+)/edit|', $this->url, $match);
@@ -506,4 +528,5 @@ protected function renderTestEntity($id, $view_mode = 'full', $reset = TRUE) {
     $this->drupalSetContent($output);
     $this->verbose($output);
   }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkItemTest.php b/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkItemTest.php
index eb40cbc..2cd88bc 100644
--- a/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkItemTest.php
+++ b/core/modules/link/lib/Drupal/link/Tests/LinkItemTest.php
@@ -35,17 +35,15 @@ public function setUp() {
     parent::setUp();
 
     // Create an link field and instance for validation.
-    $this->field = array(
+    entity_create('field_entity', array(
       'field_name' => 'field_test',
       'type' => 'link',
-    );
-    field_create_field($this->field);
-    $this->instance = array(
+    ))->save();
+    entity_create('field_instance', array(
       'entity_type' => 'entity_test',
       'field_name' => 'field_test',
       'bundle' => 'entity_test',
-    );
-    field_create_instance($this->instance);
+    ))->save();
   }
 
   /**