Apache 2 configuration of clean URLs on Debian
If you're running Apache2 on Debian stable, in order to install the rewrite module you simply need to:
# a2enmod rewrite
then restart the webserver:
# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
then edit either /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/drupal or to your .htaccess and ensure it looks something like this:
#
# Apache/PHP/site settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes:
<Files ~ "(\.(conf|inc|module|pl|sh|sql|theme|engine|xtmpl)|Entries|Repositories|Root|scripts|updates)$">
order deny,allow
deny from all
</Files>
# Set some options
Options -Indexes
Options +FollowSymLinks
# Customized server error messages:
ErrorDocument 404 /index.php
# Set the default handler to index.php:
DirectoryIndex index.php
# Overload PHP variables:
<IfModule sapi_apache2.c>
# If you are using Apache 2, you have to use <IfModule sapi_apache2.c>
# instead of <IfModule mod_php4.c>.
php_value register_globals 0
php_value track_vars 1
php_value short_open_tag 1
php_value magic_quotes_gpc 0
php_value magic_quotes_runtime 0
php_value magic_quotes_sybase 0
php_value arg_separator.output "&"
php_value session.cache_expire 200000
php_value session.gc_maxlifetime 200000
php_value session.cookie_lifetime 2000000
php_value session.auto_start 0
php_value session.save_handler user
php_value session.cache_limiter none
php_value allow_call_time_pass_reference On
</IfModule>
# Various rewrite rules
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
Options All
# Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory and the
# rewrite rules are not working properly:
RewriteBase /drupal
# Rewrite old-style URLS of the form 'node.php?id=x':
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^id=([^&]+)$
RewriteRule node.php index.php?q=node/view/%1 [L]
# Rewrite old-style URLs of the form 'module.php?mod=x':
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^mod=([^&]+)$
RewriteRule module.php index.php?q=%1 [L]
# Rewrite URLs of the form 'index.php?q=x':
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
</IfModule>
# $Id: .htaccess,v 1.58 2004/10/09 20:41:49 dries Exp $This is because the debian package installs the drupal "sites-enabled" virtual host, result being that drupal is accessed from http://example.com/drupal, hence the need to uncomment RewriteBase. Change it to the base that corresponds to your system.
ref: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/136
http://drupal.org/node/14322
--
Sean K. O'Brien
CTO
Colley Graphics, LLC
http://www.colleygraphics.com
Virtual hosts
I am using apache2 on debian and I first encountered some problems while following instructions here since I had a Virtual Host directive in the apache configuration for my drupal site.
In case you have a VirtualHost directive make sure it includes "AllowOverride All" and not "AllowOverride None". Secondly, I was using the "RewriteBase /my_drupal_site_directory" as described above and the clean URLs was not working. When I comment that part out they became working. I guess if you already have a VirtualHost directive for that directory you shouldn't specify the RewriteBase.
Debian - Clean URL's and Virtual Hosting
Thanks to pembeci for pointing this out.
I had initially uncomment the "RewriteBase /mysite" in an .htaccess file and later updated my test server to allow virtual hosting. I was banging my head when clean url's wasn't working and I knew I was overlooking something.
So if you enable virtual hosting in apache then comment out the "RewriteBase /mysite" in you sites-enabled file or the local .htaccess file and you'll save yourself some time.
Debian - Clean URL's and subdirectories without Virtual Hosting
If you run drupal in a subdirectory off your main website (say: http://www.example.com/drupal )
AND
If you follow the above instructions and uncomment the RewriteBase /drupal line in your .htaccess or http.d (or your drupal apache configuration file)
THEN you must also change the RewriteRule
FROM:
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
TO:
RewriteRule ^drupal/(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
(It took me until I enabled RewriteLog and RewriteLogLevel 2 to understand why my clean url's weren't working.... they had the initial drupal copied after the "?q="!!! :'(
no need to change .htaccess
after you enable rewrite module, edit
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default, and change<Directory /var/www/>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride none
to
<Directory /var/www/>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride all
done.
IMPORTANT
Hi,
Please note that with the method 'HOLZ' has specified I GOT 500 errors instead of 404s etc ! ...
andre`
Clean URLs not working after all your advice!
Hi,
I activated a2enmod rewrite, configured /etc/apache2/sites-available/default as
DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite/
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
then modified my /var/www/mysite/.htaccess as:
# Various rewrite rules.
RewriteEngine on
Options All
RewriteBase /mysite
# Rewrite current-style URLs of the form 'index.php?q=x'.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ mysite/index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
trying all possible combinations of:
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
RewriteRule ^mysite/(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
and it is not working.
Please need help,
R.